Source | Gender | Comparison | Models | RR (95% CI) | Matched or adjusted covariates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferritin as indicators of body iron stores (n = 5) | Â | Â | |||
Jiang et al, 2004, USA [10] | Women | Highest (≥107.2 ng/ml) versus lowest (<21.1 ng/ml) quintile | Model 1a | 2.68 (1.75 to 4.11) | Age, ethnicity, fasting status, BMI, FH, PA, smoking, alcohol consumption, menopausal status, glycemic load, intake of total energy, cereal fiber, magnesium, and trans fat, and ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat |
 |  |  | Model 2b | 2.61 (1.68 to 4.07) | Additional adjustment for CRP |
Forouhi et al, 2007, UKc [11] | Men | Highest (≥135.7 ng/ml) versus lowest (<34.4 ng/ml) quintile | Model 1a | 1.97 (1.12 to 3.45) | Age, sex, BMI, FH, PA, smoking, dietary factors (TEI, alcohol consumption, intake of dietary iron, magnesium, and red meat and processed meat, plasma vitamin C) |
 |  |  | Model 2b | 1.78 (0.99 to 3.19) | Additional adjustment for CRP, fibrinogen, and IL-6 |
 |  |  | Model 3 | 1.13 (0.58, 2.19) | Additional adjustment for ALT, GGT, and adiponectin |
 | Women | Highest (≥71.7 ng/ml) versus lowest (<17.8 ng/ml) quintile | Model 1a | 2.55 (1.22 to 5.34) | Age, sex, BMI, FH, PA, smoking, dietary factors (TEI, alcohol consumption, intake of dietary iron, magnesium, red meat and processed meat and plasma vitamin C) |
 |  |  | Model 2b | 2.11 (0.98 to 4.56) | Additional adjustment for CRP, fibrinogen, and IL-6 |
 |  |  | Model 3 | 1.08 (0.44, 2.62) | Additional adjustment for ALT, GGT, and adiponectin |
Jehn et al, 2007, USA [15] | Both | Highest (≥235.4 ng/ml; median, 354.5 ng/ml) versus lowest (<40.0 ng/ml; median, 20.0 ng/ml)quintile | Model 1a | 1.51 (0.98 to 2.31) | Age, study center, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMI |
 |  |  | Model 2 | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.34) | Additional adjustment for metabolic syndrome components (HDL-C, WC, hypertension, FPG, and TG) |
 |  |  | Model 3b | 0.79 (0.48 to 1.32) | Additional adjustment for FPI and inflammation score |
Le et al, 2009, USA [16] | Men | Highest (>188 ng/ml) versus lowest (<80 ng/ml) quartile | Model 1a | 1.79 (1.13 to 2.82) | Age, ethnicity, and BMI |
 | Women | Highest (premenopausal, >60 ng/ml, postmenopausal, >90 ng/ml) versus lowest (premenopausal,<21 ng/ml, postmenopausal,<37 ng/ml) quartile | Model 1a | 0.87 (0.37 to 2.03) | Age, ethnicity, and BMI |
Rajpathak et al, 2009, USA [17] | Both | Highest (median, 203.7 ng/ml) versus lowest (median, 20.1 ng/ ml) quartile | Model 1a | 1.02 (0.60 to 1.74) | Age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI |
 |  |  | Model 2 | 1.65 (0.90 to 3.02) | Additional adjustment for FH, PA, HbA1c, and sTfR |
 |  |  | Model 3b | 1.53 (0.83 to 2.82) | Additional adjustment for CRP |
 |  |  | Model 4 | 1.61 (0.85 to 3.02) | Additional adjustment for HOMA-IR |
Ratio of sTfR to ferritin as indicators of body iron stores (n = 2) | Â | Â | |||
Salonen et al, 1998, Finland [9] | Men | Highest (< 9.4) versus quartile (no data available) | Model 1 | 2.40 (1.03 to 5.50) | Age, time of examination, place of residence, cigarette smoking, exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, socioeconomic status, height, weight, hip and waist circumferences, glucose, insulin, vitamin E, and serum SFA to (PUFA + MUFA) ratio |
Jiang et al, 2004, USA [10] | Women | Highest (<26.7) versus lowest (≥149.4) quintile | Model 1 | 2.44 (1.61 to 3.71) | Age, ethnicity, fasting status, BMI, FH, PA, smoking, alcohol consumption, menopausal status, glycemic load, intake of total energy, cereal fiber, magnesium, and trans fat, ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fat |
 |  |  | Model 2 | 2.40 (1.55 to 3.71) | Additional adjustment for CRP |
sTfR as indicators of body iron stores (n = 1) | Â | Â | |||
Rajpathak et al, 2009, USA [17] | Both | Highest (median, 4.4 mg/l) versus lowest (median, 2.3 mg/l) quartile | Model 1 | 1.55 (0.93 to 2.57) | Age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI |
 |  |  | Model 2 | 2.26 (1.27 to 4.01) | Additional adjustment for FH, PA, HbA1c, and sTfR |
 |  |  | Model 3 | 2.39 (1.34 to 4.28) | Additional adjustment for CRP |
 |  |  | Model 4 | 2.23 (1.22 to 4.06) | Additional adjustment for HOMA-IR |