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Table 3 Child based outcomes reported by informants other than the child's mother.

From: How evidence-based is an 'evidence-based parenting program'? A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis of Triple P

Paper

Number of children/

informants

Informant

Nature of child-based outcome measure(s)

Significance (P<0.05) of improvement with intervention versu control

Bodenmann et al. [32]

150

Father

ECBI

Not significant (Intensity and Problem subscales)

Connell et al. [50]

23

Father

ECBI

Significant benefit (Intensity and Problem subscales)

  

Father

PDRC - Parent diary record checklist

Not significant

Hahlweg et al. [51]

43

Father

Child Behavior Checklist--Parent Report (CBCL 1½-5, German version)

Not significant

  

Father

SDQ

Not significant

Hahlweg et al. [13]

198

Father

CBCL

Not significant

 

273

Observers

Revised Family Observation Schedule (FOS-RIII).

Not significant

 

177

Teachers

Caregiver Teacher Report Form (C-TRF 1.5 - 5)

Not significant

Hoath & Sanders [53]

21

Teachers

Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised (SESBI-R)

Not significant

  

Teachers

Child Attention Problems Rating Scale (CAP)

Not significant

Markie-Dadds & Sanders [56]

 

Father

ECBI

Not significant

  

Father

Parent Daily Report

Not significant

Morawska & Sanders [62]

75

Teacher

Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Not significant apart from hyperactivity subscale

McTaggart & Sanders [21]

 

Teacher

Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory (SESBI)

Not significant (except when baseline adjustment used)

Morawska & Sanders [61]

73

Father

ECBI

Not significant

  

Observers

Family observation schedule

Not significant

Nicholson & Sanders [28]

42

Self report

Child Depression Inventory

Not significant

  

Self report

Child Manifest Anxiety Scale

Not significant

  

Self report

Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory

Not significant

Plant & Sanders [64]

74

Independent observers

Revised Family Observation Schedule (FOS-RIII).

Significant benefit on negative behavior subscales (other subscales not reported)

Prinz et al. [5]

Approximately 170,000

Child Protective Services

Numbers of substantiated child maltreatment cases

Significant benefita

  

Foster Care System

Out of home placements

Significant benefita

  

Hospitals

Hospital visits for maltreatment

Significant benefita

  

Child Protective Services

Maltreatment investigation

Not significant

Roberts et al. [33]

23

Father

Total behavior problem subscale score of Developmental Behavior Checklist Parent Version.

Not significant

 

32

Observer

FOS-IIIR noncompliance - targeted

Not significant

  

Observer

FOS-IIIR noncompliance - general

Significant benefit

  

Observer

FOS-IIIR Oppositional Behavior - targeted

Significant benefit

  

Observer

FOS-IIIR Oppositional Behavior - general

Not significant

  

Observer

FOS-IIIR Appropriate Behavior - targeted

Not significant

  

Observer

FOS-IIIR Appropriate Behavior - General

Not significant

Sanders et al. [65]

255

Father

ECBI

Significant benefit

  

Father

Parent Daily Report

Significant benefit

  

Observer

Revised Family Observation Schedule (FOS-RIII). Composite score for negative child behavior

Not significant

Stallman & Ralph [25]

36

Teenagers

Conflict behavior questionnaire

Not significant

Turner & Sanders [68]

25

Independent observers

Family Observation Schedule (disruptive behaviors)

Not significant

Turner et al. [29]

21

Father

Child behavior checklist

Not significant

  

Observer

Mealtime observation

Not significant

  

Observer

Anthropometric measures

Not significant

  1. aMethod of analysis not clearly specified. Reported as two-sample t-tests comparing intervention and control counties, presumably of the differences between pre- and post-randomization outcome variables. However, a stratified randomization was used, so the within-pair differences in the change from baseline should be analyzed, though these are not reported. CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; ECBI, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.