Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Comparison of the results of the random-effects meta-analysis (relative proportion of patients with resolved metabolic syndrome (MetS) and difference in mean)

Total (95% CI)	Model	Point Estimate ^d	95% CI (*lowerto upper*)
The ratio of proportions patients with resolved MetS (7 interventions)^a	Random	2.0	1.5 to 2.7
	Bayesian	2.4	1.5 to 5.5
	Fixed	1.9	1.7 to 2.2
Mean difference (7 interventions) ^b
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dl	Random ^c	-11.5	-22.4 to -0.6
(5 interventions)	Bayesian	-5.1	-8.6 to -0.9
	Fixed	-18.7	-20.4 to -17.0
Waist circumference, cm (6 interventions)	Random ^c	-2.7	-4.6 to -0.9
	Bayesian	-2.6	-4.6 to -0.6
	Fixed	-2.0	-2.1 to -1.9
SBP, mmHg	Random ^c	-6.4	-9.7 to -3.2
	Bayesian	-7.9	-12.3 to -3.9
	Fixed	-3.1	-3.6 to -2.7
DBP, mmHg	Random ^c	-3.3	-5.2 to -1.4
	Bayesian	-3.5	-6.2 to -0.97
	Fixed	-2.0	-2.3 to -1.8
Triglyceride, mg/dl	Random ^c	-12.0	-22.2 to -1.7
	Bayesian	-4.8	-28.1 to 18.8
	Fixed	-18.7	-20.4 to -17.0
HDL, mg/dl	Random ^c	1.3	-0.6 to 3.1
	Bayesian	0.7	-2.4 to 3.8
	Fixed	2.9	2.5 to 3.3

^a8 interventions including estimated data denote 2.0 (1.5 to 2.5) for the random-effects, 2.7 (1.6 to 5.8) for the Bayesian, and 1.9 (1.7 to 2.2) for the fixed model, respectively. Number of subjects that could have resolved MetS = 1400 (intervention) and 1439 (control), 2839 in total. Proportions of resolved patients = 35.0% (intervention) and 17.6% (control). ^bNumber of subjects for mean difference = 379 (intervention) and 369 (control), 748 in total. ^c Random = DerSimonian-Laird method, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.
^d The estimates by the sensitivity analyses using r = 0.3 and r = 0.7 were the same with r = 0.5 for fasting blood glucose and waist circumference, and it varied for SBP (-7.1, -6.4), DBP (-3.6, -2.9), triglycerides (-12.7, -11.5), and HDL (0.9, 1.6). The estimates by the subgroup analyses using 4 interventions [18, 20, 21] (random-effects model) denote -3.1 (-5.3 to -0.9) for fasting blood glucose, -3.1 (-5.2 to -1.0) for waist circumference, -5.1 (-8.8 to -1.9) for SBP, -2.3 (-3.3, -1.3) for DBP, -11.5 (-22.4 to -0.6) for triglyceride, and 1.5 (-0.6 to 3.47) for HDL.

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