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Table 2 Changes in the relative levels of metabolites in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes compared with the control group based on the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) and bipolar pulse pair-longitudinal eddy current delay (BPP-LED) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra

From: Metabolic profiles characterizing different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: plasma metabolomics analysis

Chemical shift, ppm

Identified metabolites

Control group

A group (HA+AO+PCO)

B group (AO+PCO)

C group (AO+HA)

D group (HA+PCO)

   

Mean ± SD

Padjusted

Mean ± SD

Padjusted

Mean ± SD

Padjusted

Mean ± SD

Padjusted

CPMG

0.84 to 0.90, 1.26 to 1.30

Lipoprotein

0.09 ± 0.003

0.12 ± 0.005

<0.001 U

0.10 ± 0.005

0.044 U

0.12 ± 0.005

0.005 U

0.13 ± 0.005

<0.001 U

1.31 to 1.34, 4.09 to 4.14

Lactate

0.13 ± 0.004

0.15 ± 0.003

0.006 U

0.15 ± 0.004

0.006 U

0.14 ± 0.005

1.000 -

0.16 ± 0.005

0.001 U

1.46 to 1.48

Alanine

0.018 ± 0.004

0.019 ± 0.003

1.000 -

0.018 ± 0.004

1.000 -

0.019 ± 0.004

1.000 -

0.019 ± 0.004

1.000 -

3.40 to 4.00

Glucose

0.44 ± 0.05

0.40 ± 0.05

0.001 D

0.41 ± 0.05

0.013 D

0.42 ± 0.06

1.000 -

0.39 ± 0.06

0.001 D

3.74

U

0.009 ± 0.002

0.013 ± 0.002

<0.001 U

0.013 ± 0.002

<0.001 U

0.012 ± 0.003

<0.001 U

0.013 ± 0.002

<0.001 U

BPP-LED

0.9,0.86, 1.26,1.3,1.34

VLDL/LDL

0.25 ± 0.04

0.28 ± 0.05

0.009 U

0.27 ± 0.05

0.045 U

0.27 ± 0.06

0.032 U

0.29 ± 0.05

0.008 U

1.22

HDL

0.051 ± 0.005

0.048 ± 0.006

0.025 D

0.050 ± 0.007

1.000 -

0.050 ± 0.006

1.000 -

0.047 ± 0.007

0.047 D

1.58

Lipid- CH2CH2CO

0.012 ± 0.003

0.014 ± 0.003

0.018 U

0.013 ± 0.003

0.453 -

0.014 ± 0.005

0.276 -

0.014 ± 0.004

0.005 U

2.06

NAc

0.018 ± 0.001

0.018 ± 0.001

1.000 -

0.017 ± 0.002

0.105 -

0.017 ± 0.001

0.012 D

0.017 ± 0.001

0.001 D

2.22

FA

0.59 ± 0.96

0.72 ± 0.17

<0.001 U

0.73 ± 0.19

<0.001 U

0.80 ± 0.22

<0.001 U

0.82 ± 0.18

<0.001 U

2.02, 2.74, 5.18 to 5.3

UFA

0.071 ± 0.005

0.078 ± 0.007

<0.001 U

0.077 ± 0.008

<0.001 U

0.076 ± 0.009

0.049 U

0.077 ± 0.007

0.001 U

2.94 to 2.98

Lysyl-albumin

0.014 ± 0.002

0.011 ± 0.002

<0.001 D

0.012 ± 0.002

<0.001 D

0.012 ± 0.003

0.024 D

0.011 ± 0.002

<0.001 D

3.22, 3.26

PtdCho

0.027 ± 0.005

0.023 ± 0.005

<0.001 D

0.023 ± 0.005

<0.001 D

0.022 ± 0.005

0.001 D

0.022 ± 0.005

<0.001 D

  1. The CPMG pulse sequence was used to emphasize the small metabolites in the plasma, while the BPP-LED pulse sequence presented only broad peaks from the macromolecules in samples. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and U (up) and D (down) next to numbers indicates the significant elevated or reduced concentration of metabolites (P <0.05), respectively. AO = anovulation; FA = fatty acid; HA = hyperandrogenism; HDL = high-density lipid; LDL = low-density lipid; NAc = N-acetyl groups of glycoproteins; PCO = polycystic ovaries; PtdCho = phosphatidylcholine; U = unidentified sugar; UFA = unsaturated fatty acid; VLDL = very low-density lipid.