Table 1 Common alterations in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α isoform gene (PIK3CA), PIK3CB and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in cancer

PIK3CA mutations:

Breast

26% (1,559/6,110)

[108]

Endometrium

24% (282/1,194)

[108]

Penis

29% (8/28)

[108, 109]

Urinary tract

20% (189/942)

[108]

Large intestine

12% (779/6,710)

[108]

Stomach

12% (96/824)

[108]

Ovary

10% (163/1,590)

[108]

Cervix

10% (25/256)

[108]

PIK3CA amplifications:

Gastric

67% to 36%

[110, 111]

Papillary thyroid cancer

53% (265/499)

[112]

Head and neck

55% to 37%

[113, 114]

Non-small cell lung cancer

31%

[115]

Squamous cell carcinoma

59% (31/52)

[116]

Cervical

70% to 44%

[117, 118]

Ovarian

35% (54/152)

[119]

Prostate

28% (9/32)

[120]

Endometrial

12% to 15%

[121, 122]

Breast

8% (8/92)

[123]

Triple negative

31%

[124]

Chronic lymphocitic leukemia

5%

[125]

PIK3CB amplification:

Breast

5%

[72]

Non-small cell lung cancer squamous cell carcinoma

56%

[116]

PTEN loss of heterozygosity:

Glioblastoma

59%

[126]

Prostate

15% to 70%

[127–130]

Breast

11% to 38%

[131, 132]

Melanoma

33% (7/21)

[133]

Gastric

47% (14/30)

[111]

Uveal melanoma

76% to 39%

[134]

PTEN mutation:

Endometrium

37% (690/1,860)

[135]

Vulva

62% (5/8)

[136]

Central nervous system

24% (491/2,055)

[137]

Prostate

14% (92/658)

[135]

Melanoma

16% (104/652)

[138]

Uveal melanoma

11% (4/35)

[134]