Study | Design | Participants | Neuromuscular warm-up program | Control Group | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandelbaum et al. [26] | CCT | 1,041 female soccer players, aged 14 to 18 years | Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance Programme: three basic warm-up exercises, five stretching exercises for the trunk and lower extremities, three strengthening exercises, five plyometric exercises and three soccer-specific agility drills. Performed before matches and training, 20 minutes, for two years | Normal warm-up strategy | ACL injuries |
Pfeiffer et al. [27] | CCT | 1,439 female soccer, basketball and volleyball players, aged 14 to 18 years | Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Programme: four progressive phases of jumping and landing forwards and backwards, two- and one-footed drills, plyometric and agility training. Performed either before or after training sessions twice a week, 20 minutes, for two consecutive seasons | Normal warm-up strategy | ACL injuries |
Gilchrist et al. [28] | RCT | 1,435 female football players, average age 19.9 years | Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance Program: Three basic warm-up exercises, five stretching exercises for the trunk and lower extremities, three strengthening exercises, five plyometric exercises and three soccer-specific agility drills. Before training, 20 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks | Normal warm-up strategy | Undefined knee and ACL injuries |
Kiani et al. [29] | CCT | 1,506 female football players, aged 13 to 19 years | The 'HarmoKnee' program: warm-up, muscle activation, balance, strength, core stability exercises. Performed twice a week preseason (three months), once a week during in-season training session (six months), total duration 20 to 25 minutes | Normal warm-up strategy | All new knee injuries |
LaBella et al. [30] | RCT | 1,558 female football and basketball players, average age 16 years | Knee Injury Prevention Program: combining progressive strengthening, plyometric, balance and agility exercises. In season for one year. Total duration 20 minutes before team practices, an abbreviated version with dynamic motion exercises only before games | Normal warm-up strategy | Gradual-onset lower extremity injuries, acute-onset non-contact lower extremity injuries, non-contact knee, ACL and ankle sprains |
Soligard et al. [31] | RCT | 1,982 female football players, aged 13 to 17 years | The '11+': 10 exercises including slow running, active stretching, controlled contact, exercises for strength, balance, jumping and soccer-specific agility drills. Before training, 20 minutes, only running exercises before match, for eight months | Normal warm-up strategy | Overall and overuse lower limb injuries, groin, posterior and anterior thigh injuries, undefined knee, MTSS and undefined ankle injuries |
Steffen et al. [32] | RCT | 2,020 female football players, aged 13 to 17 years | The '11': 10 exercises for core stability, balance, dynamic stabilization and eccentric hamstring strength. Two months preseason, six months in-season before training, 20 minutes for 15 consecutive training sessions then once a week thereafter | Normal warm-up strategy | Overall lower limb injuries, groin and thigh injuries, undefined knee and ACL injuries, and undefined ankle injuries |
Coppack et al. [33] | RCT | 1,502 male and female army recruits, aged 17 to 25 years | Anterior Knee Pain Prevention Training Programme: warm-up consisted of eight exercises closed chain strengthening exercises, 10 to 14 repetitions each; warm-down involved four stretching exercises, three repetitions. Performed at each training session (mean = seven per week), 15 minutes, for 14 weeks | Normal warm-up strategy (running, stretching, strengthening) | AKP |
Brushøj et al. [34] | RCT | 1,020 female and male army recruits aged 19 to 26 years | Prevention Training Programme: Five exercises for strengthening, balance, stretching performed in three sets of five to 25 repetitions. Before military training, 15 minutes, three times a week for 12 weeks | Strategy for the upper body | Overall and overuse lower limb injuries, AKP, patella tendinopathy, ITBFS, MTSS, ankle sprain and Achilles injuries. |