| Reference | Nr studies included | Nr subjects included | Pooled effect size (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolic dysregulation | ||||
Metabolic syndrome | Pan et al. 20121[22] | 29 | 155,333 | OR = 1.42 (1.28 to 1.57) |
Abdominal obesity | Xu et al. 20111[57] | 15 | 34,832 | OR = 1.38 (1.22 to 1.57) |
Immuno-inflammatory dysregulation | ||||
C-Reactive Protein | Howren et al. 20091[58] | 49 | 51,234 | d = 0.15 (0.10 to 0.21) |
Interleukin-6 | Â | 61 | 24,837 | d = 0.25 (0.18 to 0.31) |
Interleukin-1β |  | 14 | 756 | d = 0.35 (0.03 to 0.67) |
Interleukin-1RA | Â | 9 | 1,214 | d = 0.25 (0.04 to 0.46) |
Interleukin-6 | Dowlati et al. 20102[59] | 16 | 892 | MD = 1.8 pg/mL (1.2 to 2.3) |
TNF-α |  | 13 | 788 | MD = 4.0 pg/mL (2.2 to 5.7) |
Interleukin-1β |  | 9 | 533 | MD = -1.6 pg/mL (-3.6 to 0.4) |
Soluble Interleukin-2R | Liu et al. 20122[60] | 8 | 596 | MD = 0.56 pg/mL (0.28 to 0.84) |
Interleukin-6 | Â | 18 | 923 | MD = 0.68 pg/mL (0.44 to 0.92) |
TNF-α |  | 15 | 995 | MD = 0.55 pg/mL (0.13 to 0.99) |
Interleukin-1β |  | 10 | 580 | MD = -0.53 pg/mL (-1.36 to 0.31) |
Autonomic dysregulation | ||||
Heart rate variability | Rottenberg, 20072[61] | 13 | 686 | d = 0.33 (0.18 to 0.49) |
Heart rate variability | Kemp et al. 20102[62] | 14 | 726 | Hedges’ g = -0.21 (-0.40 to -0.02)4 |
HPA-axis dysregulation | ||||
Higher cortisol 3 | Stetler and Miller 20111[63] | 354 | 18,374 | d = 0.60 (0.54 to 0.66) |
Higher ACTH | Â | 96 | 3,812 | d = 0.28 (0.16 to 0.41) |
Higher CRH | Â | 16 | 888 | d = -0.53 (-1.71 to 0.65) |
Saliva morning cortisol | Knorr et al. 20101[64] | 20 | 2,318 | MD = 2.6 nmol/l (1.0 to 4.2) |
Saliva evening cortisol | Â | 10 | 1,617 | MD = 0.3 nmol/l (0.03 to 0.5) |