From: Personalizing guidelines for diabetes management: twilight or dawn of the expert?
 | HbA1C reduction (%) | Hypoglycemia | Weight | Use in heart failure | Use in renal failure | Stimulation of insulin secretion | Increase of insulin sensitivity | Durability of action | Main side effects | Outcome benefit | Relevant references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metformin | 1.0 to 1.5 | - | - | +/- | - | - | + | ~↑ | Gastrointestinal | + | |
Lactic acidosis | |||||||||||
Sulfonylureas | 1.0 to 1.5 | + | ↑ | - | +/- | + | - | ↓ | Hypoglycemia | +/- | |
Weight gain | |||||||||||
Meglitinides | 0.5 to 1.0 | + | ↑ | - | + | + | - | ↓ | Hypoglycemia |  | |
Weight gain | |||||||||||
Thiazolidinediones | 1.0 to 1.5 | - | ↑ | - | + | - | + | ~↑ | Weight gain |  | |
Oedema/Heart failure | |||||||||||
GLP-1 receptor agonists | 1.0 to 1.5 | - | ↓ | + | +/- | + | - | ? | Gastrointestinal | ? | |
? Pancreatitis | |||||||||||
DPP-4 inhibitors | 0.5 to 1.0 | - | - | + | +/- | + | - | ? | ? Pancreatitis | ? | |
Insulin therapy | >1.0 | + | ↑ | +/- | + |  |  | ↑ | Hypoglycemia | + | |
Weight gain | |||||||||||
?Mitogenic effects |