Table 2 Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) a for associations between total intakes of vitamin D and magnesium and risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006
Nutrient intakes | Controls, N | Deficiency | Insufficiency | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | ||
Total vitamin D intake (IU/day) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Q1 <114 | 1,741 | 1,005 | 1.00 | 1,450 | 1.00 |
 Q2 114 to 307 | 1,740 | 446 | 0.55 (0.40 to 0.75) | 1,086 | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.91) |
 Q3 308 to 539 | 1,741 | 152 | 0.22 (0.15 to 0.34) | 665 | 0.55 (0.44 to 0.69) |
 Q4 ≥540 | 1,740 | 72 | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.17) | 419 | 0.37 (0.27 to 0.51) |
 P for trend |  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |
Dietary vitamin D intake (IU/day)  |  |  |  |  | |
 Q1 <57.8 | 1,741 | 764 | 1.00 | 1,183 | 1.00 |
 Q2 57.8 to 137 | 1,740 | 468 | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.91) | 997 | 0.86 (0.71 to 1.05) |
 Q3 138 to 261 | 1,741 | 279 | 0.54 (0.40 to 0.72) | 807 | 0.72 (0.59 to 0.88) |
 Q4 ≥262 | 1,740 | 164 | 0.29 (0.20 to 0.41) | 633 | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.86) |
 P for trend |  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |
Supplemental vitamin D intake (IU/day)  |  |  |  |  | |
 Non-user | 3,704 | 1,473 | 1.00 | 2,602 | 1.00 |
 1 to 239 | 809 | 93 | 0.32 (0.20 to 0.50) | 377 | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.03) |
 240 to 399 | 331 | 19 | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.64) | 109 | 0.57 (0.38 to 0.87) |
 ≥400 | 2,118 | 90 | 0.19 (0.11 to 0.33) | 532 | 0.40 (0.29 to 0.53) |
 P for trend |  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |
Total magnesium intake (mg/day) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Q1 <225 | 1,749 | 876 | 1.00 | 1,362 | 1.00 |
 Q2 225 to 310 | 1,733 | 392 | 0.67 (0.50 to 0.90) | 907 | 0.78 (0.61 to 1.00) |
 Q3 311 to 419 | 1,737 | 245 | 0.43 (0.30 to 0.63) | 758 | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.89) |
 Q4 ≥420 | 1,743 | 162 | 0.34 (0.21 to 0.56) | 593 | 0.62 (0.46 to 0.82) |
 P for trend |  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |
Dietary magnesium intake (mg/day)  |  |  |  |  | |
 Q1 <195 | 1,754 | 726 | 1.00 | 1,255 | 1.00 |
 Q2 195 to 268 | 1,732 | 432 | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.97) | 893 | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) |
 Q3 269 to 363 | 1,741 | 297 | 0.68 (0.47 to 0.99) | 777 | 0.69 (0.55 to 0.87) |
 Q4 ≥364 | 1,735 | 220 | 0.43 (0.26 to 0.70) | 695 | 0.61 (0.45 to 0.83) |
 P for trend |  |  | 0.002 |  | 0.002 |
Supplemental magnesium intake (mg/day)  |  |  |  |  | |
 Non-user | 3,922 | 1,440 | 1.00 | 2,548 | 1.00 |
 1 to 49 | 669 | 109 | 0.53 (0.34 to 0.81) | 334 | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.43) |
 50 to 99 | 506 | 43 | 0.35 (0.17 to 0.71) | 205 | 0.80 (0.53 to 1.22) |
 ≥100 | 1,865 | 83 | 0.30 (0.17 to 0.52) | 533 | 0.68 (0.52 to 0.88) |
 P for trend |  |  | <0.001 |  | 0.008 |