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Table 2 Characteristics of the current study population

From: Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size

Characteristic

Men

Women

n = 24,389 (41.0%)

n = 35,078 (59.0%)

 

BMI <25

BMI 25 to 30

BMI ≥30

Pvalue

BMI <25

BMI 25 to 30

BMI ≥30

Pvalue

n (%)

9,112 (37.4%)

11,763 (48.2%)

3,514 (14.4%)

 

17,750 (50.6%)

11,667 (33.3%)

5,661 (16.1%)

 

Age, years

42 ± 12

47 ± 11

48 ± 11

<0.001

42 ± 12

47 ± 12

47 ± 12

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

23.0 ± 1.5

27.1 ± 1.4

32.8 ± 2.9

<0.001

22.4 ± 1.7

27.1 ± 1.4

34.1 ± 3.9

<0.001

Smoking status

        

Non-smoker, n (%)

4,467 (49.0%)

4,751 (40.4%)

1,311 (37.3%)

 

8,753 (49.3%)

5,080 (43.5%)

2,623 (46.3%)

 

Former smoker, n (%)

2,401 (26.3%)

4,384 (37.3%)

1,390 (39.6%)

 

5,248 (29.6%)

4,298 (36.8%)

2,087 (36.9%)

 

Current smoker, n (%)

2,244 (24.6%)

2,628 (22.3%)

813 (23.1%)

 

3,749 (21.1%)

2,289 (19.6%)

951 (16.8%)

 

SBP, mmHg

127 ± 12

133 ± 13

137 ± 14

<0.001

119 ± 14

125 ± 15

130 ± 15

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

74 ± 8

78 ± 9

80 ± 9

<0.001

70 ± 8

73 ± 9

75 ± 9

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.9 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.0

<0.001

4.9 ± 1.0

5.1 ± 1.0

5.1 ± 1.0

<0.001

LDL-C, mmol/l

3.17 ± 0.86

3.47 ± 0.87

3.44 ± 0.91

<0.001

2.91 ± 0.84

3.25 ± 0.90

3.26 ± 0.88

<0.001

HDL-C, mmol/l

1.40 ± 0.32

1.25 ± 0.29

1.12 ± 0.26

<0.001

1.69 ± 0.39

1.54 ± 0.36

1.38 ± 0.33

<0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/la

0.98 (0.71 to 1.31)

1.31 (0.91 to 1.80)

1.62 (1.15 to 2.23)

<0.001

0.81 (0.61 to 1.04)

0.99 (0.72 to 1.33)

1.20 (0.86 to 1.61)

<0.001

Apolipoprotein A1, g/lb

1.47 ± 0.23

1.41 ± 0.21

1.36 ± 0.21

<0.001

1.66 ± 0.28

1.60 ± 0.26

1.52 ± 0.26

<0.001

HDL-C/apoA1 ratiob

0.93 ± 0.13

0.86 ± 0.12

0.81 ± 0.11

<0.001

1.00 ± 0.14

0.95 ± 0.50

0.90 ± 0.49

<0.001

Apolipoprotein B, g/lb

0.91 ± 0.23

1.01 ± 0.24

1.05 ± 0.24

<0.001

0.84 ± 0.22

0.94 ± 0.24

0.97 ± 0.24

<0.001

LDL-C/apoB ratiob

3.51 ± 0.35

3.44 ± 0.40

3.32 ± 0.42

<0.001

3.45 ± 0.36

3.46 ± 0.36

3.37 ± 0.38

<0.001

Blood glucose, mmol/la

4.94 (4.60 to 5.20)

5.18 (4.80 to 5.40)

5.52 (5.00 to 5.80)

<0.001

4.70 (4.40 to 4.90)

4.94 (4.60 to 5.20)

5.26 (4.80 to 5.50)

<0.001

Waist circumference, cm

87 ± 6

98 ± 6

112 ± 9

<0.001

79 ± 7

90 ± 7

105 ± 10

<0.001

BP-lowering medication, n (%)

462 (5.1%)

1,516 (12.9%)

843 (24.0%)

<0.001

1,050 (5.9%)

1,563 (13.4%)

1,351 (23.9%)

<0.001

Statin use, n (%)

267 (2.9%)

1,008 (8.6%)

473 (13.5%)

<0.001

364 (2.1%)

608 (5.2%)

457 (8.1%)

<0.001

TG-lowering medication, n (%)

6 (0.1%)

32 (0.3%)

13 (0.4%)

<0.001

3 (0.0%)

11 (0.1%)

8 (0.1%)

0.0012

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

53 (0.6%)

203 (1.7%)

204 (5.8%)

<0.001

55 (0.3%)

150 (1.3%)

267 (4.7%)

<0.001

Oral antihyperglycemic medication, n (%)

38 (0.4%)

175 (1.5%)

175 (5.0%)

<0.001

44 (0.2%)

118 (1.0%)

211 (3.7%)

<0.001

Percentage fulfilling ≥3 out of 5 metabolic syndrome criteriac

330 (3.6%)

2,544 (21.6%)

2,259 (64.3%)

<0.001

425 (2.4%)

1,871 (16.0%)

2,351 (41.5%)

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
  2. aData given as geometric mean (interquartile range).
  3. bApoA1 and apoB results (and their ratios) were available in 34,613 and 34,601 of the 59,467 subjects, respectively.
  4. cFor subjects with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, two out of four criteria.
  5. Apo apolipoprotein, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides.
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