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Table 3 Baseline characteristics of non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers

From: Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size

Smoking status

Men

Women

 

Non-smoker

Former smoker

Current smoker

Pvalue

Non-smoker

Former smoker

Current smoker

Pvalue

n (%)

10,529 (43.2%)

8,175 (33.5%)

5,685 (23.3%)

 

16,456 (46.9%)

11,633 (33.2%)

6,989 (19.9%)

 

Age, years

42 ± 11

51 ± 12

43 ± 11

<0.001

43 ± 12

48 ± 11

42 ± 11

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

26.1 ± 3.7

27.0 ± 3.5

26.2 ± 3.7

<0.001

25.6 ± 4.8

26.3 ± 4.7

25.4 ± 4.6

<0.001

BMI ≥30 kg/m2, n (%)

1,311 (12.5%)

1,390 (17.0%)

812 (14.3%)

 

2,623 (15.9%)

2,087 (17.9%)

951 (13.6%)

 

SBP, mmHg

130 ± 13

133 ± 14

131 ± 13

<0.001

122 ± 15

124 ± 16

121 ± 14

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

76 ± 9

78 ± 9

76 ± 9

<0.001

72 ± 9

73 ± 9

72 ± 9

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

5.0 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.0

5.1 ± 1.0

<0.001

4.9 ± 1.0

5.1 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 1.0

<0.001

LDL-C, mmol/l

3.28 ± 0.86

3.43 ± 0.89

3.39 ± 0.92

<0.001

2.99 ±0.85

3.18 ± 0.89

3.14 ± 0.92

<0.001

HDL-C, mmol/l

1.31 ± 0.31

1.31 ± 0.32

1.21 ± 0.30

<0.001

1.59 ± 0.38

1.65 ± 0.40

1.49 ± 0.38

<0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/la

1.12 (0.78 to 1.54)

1.25 (0.87 to 1.73)

1.35 (0.92 to 1.91)

<0.001

0.87 (0.64 to 1.16)

0.93 (0.68 to 1.25)

1.01 (0.73 to 1.36)

<0.001

Apolipoprotein A1, g/l

1.43 ± 0.22

1.46 ± 0.22

1.40 ± 0.22

<0.001

1.61 ± 0.27

1.66 ± 0.27

1.57 ± 0.28

<0.001

HDL-C/apoA1 ratio

0.89 ± 0.13

0.88 ± 0.13

0.85 ± 0.13

<0.001

0.97 ± 0.14

0.98 ± 0.60

0.92 ± 0.13

<0.001

Apolipoprotein B, g/l

0.94 ± 0.23

1.00 ± 0.24

1.00 ± 0.25

<0.001

0.87 ± 0.23

0.91 ± 0.23

0.93 ± 0.24

<0.001

LDL-C/apoB ratio

3.49 ± 0.37

3.45 ± 0.41

3.37 ± 0.40

<0.001

3.44 ± 0.37

3.47 ± 0.36

3.38 ± 0.36

<0.001

Blood glucose, mmol/la

5.05 (4.70 to 5.30)

5.26 (4.90 to 5.50)

5.11 (4.70 to 5.40)

<0.001

4.83 (4.50 to 5.10)

4.94 (4.60 to 5.20)

4.84 (4.50 to 5.10)

<0.001

Waist circumference, cm

94 ± 11

98 ± 10

95 ± 11

<0.001

86 ± 12

89 ± 12

87 ± 12

<0.001

BP-lowering medication, n (%)

821 (7.8%)

1,497 (18.3%)

503 (8.8%)

<0.001

1,683 (10.2%)

1,660 (14.3%)

621 (8.9%)

<0.001

Statin use, n (%)

411 (3.9%

918 (11.2%

419 (7.4%)

<0.001

560 (3.4%)

594 (5.1%)

275 (3.9%)

<0.001

TG-lowering medication, n (%)

13 (0.1%)

24 (0.3%)

14 (0.2%)

NS

6 (0.1%)

10 (0.1%)

6 (0.1%)

NS

Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

113 (1.1%)

264 (3.2%)

83 (1.5%)

<0.001

188 (1.1%)

216 (1.9%)

68 (1.0%)

NS

Oral antihyperglycemic medication, n (%)

102 (1.0%)

217 (2.7%)

69 (1.2%)

<0.001

154 (0.9%)

164 (1.4%)

55 (0.8%)

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
  2. aData given as geometric mean (interquartile range).
  3. Apo apolipoprotein, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, NS not significant, SBP systolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides.
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