Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size

Slagter, Sandra N; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V; Vonk, Judith M; Boezen, H Marike; Dullaart, Robin PF; Kobold, Anneke C Muller; Feskens, Edith J; van Beek, André P; van derKlauw, Melanie M; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce HR

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-195

Table 4 Effects of daily tobacco smoked on the components of MetS assessed by linear regression

From: Associations between smoking, components of metabolic syndrome and lipoprotein particle size

Component	Current smoking
Component	Men			Women
	Light	Moderate	Heavy	Light	Moderate	Heavy
SBP, mmHg
BMI <25	1.24 (0.46 to 2.03)	1.93 (1.10 to 2.76)	1.46 (−0.25 to 3.18)	−0.64 (−1.25 to −0.03)	0.22 (−0.51 to 0.95)	−0.01 (−1.73 to 1.71)
	NS	P <0.001	NS	NS	NS	NS
BMI 25 to 30	−0.64 (−1.43 to 0.15)	1.59 (0.73 to 2.45)	0.21 (−1.30 to 1.72)	−1.46 (−2.30 to −0.61)	−0.06 (−1.05 to 0.92)	−1.13 (−3.37 to 1.11)
	NS	P <0.001	NS	P = 0.001	NS	NS
BMI ≥30	0.58 (−1.08 to 2.25)	0.65 (−1.02 to 2.31)	2.16 (−0.24 to 4.55)	−0.93 (−2.39 to 0.53)	−0.74 (−2.24 to 0.77)	2.04 (−0.83 to 4.91)
	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
DBP, mmHg
BMI <25	0.44 (−0.07 to 0.95)	0.94 (0.40 to 1.49)	1.68 (0.56 to 2.81)	−0.08 (−0.46 to 0.30)	0.49 (0.04 to 0.94)	1.13 (0.06 to 2.19)
	NS	P = 0.001	NS	NS	NS	NS
BMI 25 to 30	−0.38 (−0.91 to 0.15)	0.66 (0.08 to 1.23)	0.49 (−0.51 to 1.50)	−0.27 (−0.79 to 0.25)	0.56 (0.05 to 1.16)	0.66 (−0.72 to 2.04)
	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
BMI ≥30	−0.54 (−1.61 to 0.54)	0.35 (−0.71 to 1.42)	0.22 (−1.32 to 1.76)	−0.24 (−1.12 to 0.65)	−0.52 (−1.44 to 0.39)	0.86 (−0.88 to 2.59)
	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
HDL-C, mmol/l
BMI <25	−0.07 (−0.09 to −0.05)	−0.13 (−0.15 to −0.11)	−0.14 (−0.18 to −0.09)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.05)	−0.17 (−0.20 to −0.15)	−0.21 (−0.26 to −0.16)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI 25 to 30	−0.04 (−0.06 to −0.02)	−0.10 (−0.12 to −0.08)	−0.13 (−0.16 to −0.09)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04)	−0.17 (−0.20 to −0.15)	−0.15 (−0.20 to −0.09)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI ≥30	−0.04 (−0.07 to 0.01)	−0.10 (−0.13 to −0.07)	−0.10 (−0.14 to −0.06)	−0.08 (−0.12 to −0.05)	−0.17 (−0.20 to −0.13)	−0.20 (−0.26 to −0.14)
	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
Triglycerides, mmol/l^a
BMI <25	0.13 (0.10 to 0.15)	0.26 (0.23 to 0.29)	0.29 (0.22 to 0.37)	0.08 (0.06 to 0.09)	0.18 (0.16 to 0.19)	0.26 (0.21 to 0.31)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI 25 to 30	0.16 (0.13 to 0.20)	0.30 (0.25 to 0.34)	0.40 (0.31 to 0.50)	0.11 (0.09 to 0.13)	0.21 (0.18 to 0.24)	0.33 (0.25 to 0.41)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI ≥30	0.14 (0.07 to 0.22)	0.32 (0.22 to 0.41)	0.35 (0.20 to 0.53)	0.11 (0.07 to 0.16)	0.26 (0.23 to 0.31)	0.33 (0.23 to 0.46)
	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
Blood glucose, mmol/l^a
BMI <25	0.02 (0.01 to 0.04)	0.07 (0.04 to 0.10)	0.13 (0.05 to 0.21)	−0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01)	0.05 (0.03 to 0.08)	0.15 (0.08 to 0.24)
	NS	P <0.001	NS	NS	NS	P <0.001
BMI 25 to 30	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)	0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)	0.10 (0.03 to 0.16)	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)	0.06 (0.03 to 0.10)	0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13)
	NS	P = 0.001	NS	NS	P <0.001	NS
BMI ≥30	0.01 (−0.06 to 0.10)	0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13)	0.10 (−0.05 to 0.30)	−0.07 (−0.12 to −0.01)	0.05 (−0.01 to 0.13)	0.32 (0.17 to 0.50)
	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	P <0.001
Waist circumference, cm
BMI <25	0.66 (0.27 to 1.05)	0.81 (0.39 to 1.23)	1.20 (0.34 to 2.06)	0.30 (−0.03 to 0.621)	0.83 (0.45 to 1.22)	1.18 (0.26 to 2.09)
	P = 0.001	P <0.001	NS	NS	P <0.001	NS
BMI 25 to 30	0.16 (−0.21 to 0.53)	1.53 (1.13 to 1.93)	1.99 (1.28 to 2.69)	0.74 (0.30 to 1.17)	1.75 (1.24 to 2.25)	1.61 (0.46 to 2.76)
	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P = 0.001	P <0.001	NS
BMI ≥30	−0.97 (−2.05 to 0.11)	−0.06 (−1.14 to 1.01)	2.44 (0.89 to 3.99)	−0.04 (−1.10 to 1.01)	2.20 (1.10 to 3.29)	6.44 (4.37 to 8.51)
	NS	NS	NS	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001
Apo A1, g/l
BMI <25	−0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00)	−0.05 (−0.06 to −0.03)	−0.04 (−0.08 to −0.00)	−0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04)	−0.07 (−0.12 to −0.02)
	NS	P <0.001	NS	NS	P <0.001	NS
BMI 25 to 30	−0.02 (−0.03 to 0.00)	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)	−0.04 (−0.07 to −0.01)	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01)	−0.07 (−0.09 to −0.04)	−0.02 (−0.07 to 0.03)
	NS	P <0.001	NS	NS	P <0.001	NS
BMI ≥30	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.02)	−0.04 (−0.08 to −0.01)	−0.03 (−0.07 to −0.02)	−0.07 (−0.10 to −0.03)	−0.09 (−0.13 to −0.06)	−0.09 (−0.16 to −0.03)
	NS	NS	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	NS
HDL-C/apoA1 ratio
BMI <25	−0.03 (−0.04 to −0.02)	−0.06 (−0.07 to −0.05)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.03)	−0.03 (−0.04 to −0.03)	−0.06 (−0.07 to −0.06)	−0.09 (−0.11 to −0.06)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI 25 to 30	−0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01)	−0.05 (−0.06 to −0.04)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.05)	−0.04 (−0.05 to −0.03)	−0.06 (−0.07 to −0.05)	−0.06 (−0.09 to −0.04)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI ≥30	−0.02 (−0.03 to 0.00)	−0.04 (−0.06 to −0.03)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.03)	−0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04)	−0.06 (−0.1 to −0.03)
	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	NS	P <0.001	P = <0.001
Apo B, g/l
BMI <25	0.03 (0.01 to 0.05)	0.09 (0.07 to 0.11)	0.09 (0.05 to 0.13)	0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)	0.09 (0.08 to 0.11)	0.14 (0.11 to 0.18)
	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI 25 to 30	0.03 (0.02 to 0.05)	0.08 (0.06 to 0.10)	0.09 (0.06 to 0.12)	0.05 (0.03 to 0.06)	0.08 (0.06 to 0.10)	0.08 (0.04 to 0.13)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
BMI ≥30	0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07)	0.06 (0.02 to 0.09)	0.07 (0.02 to 0.12)	0.06 (0.03 to 0.09)	0.09 (0.06 to 0.12)	0.12 (0.06 to 0.17)
	NS	NS	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001
LDL-C/apoB ratio
BMI <25	−0.11 (−0.14 to −0.08)	−0.13 (−0.16 to −0.10)	−0.09 (−0.15 to −0.03)	−0.06 (−0.08 to −0.04)	−0.07 (−0.10 to −0.05)	−0.11 (−0.17 to −0.05)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	NS	P <0.001	P <0.001	P = 0.001
BMI 25 to 30	−0.08 (−0.12 to −0.06)	−0.12 (−0.15 to −0.09)	−0.19 (−0.24 to −0.13)	−0.05 (−0.07 to −0.02)	−0.06 (−0.09 to −0.02)	−0.13 (−0.20 to −0.06)
	P <0.001	P <0.001	P <0.001	NS	P = 0.001	P <0.001
BMI ≥30	−0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01)	−0.13 (−0.20 to −0.07)	−0.14 (−0.23 to −0.05)	−0.02 (−0.07 to 0.03)	−0.07 (−0.13 to −0.02)	−0.08 (−0.18 to 0.02)
	NS	P = <0.001	NS	NS	NS	NS

Data are presented as mean effect size (95% confidence interval) per unit of component of metabolic syndrome or associated risk factor. Non-smokers within the same BMI class were taken as reference group. See Table 3 for number of subjects per group. Daily tobacco smoked: ≤10 g (light smoker), 11 to 20 g (moderate smoker), ≥20 g (heavy smoker). P values ≤0.001 are presented in bold.
^aData are presented as geometric mean effect size (95% confidence interval) per unit of component of metabolic syndrome.
Apo apolipoprotein, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, NS not significant, SBP systolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides.

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