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Table 2 Similarities in oxidative and nitrosative stress (O+NS) pathways and antioxidant levels between encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis (ED/MS) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

From: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics

Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O+NS)

ED/MS

ME/CFS

Lipid peroxidation

✓

✓

Increased malondialdehyde

?

✓

Elevated peroxynitrite

✓

✓

Nitrated amino acids

✓

✓

Elevated nitric oxide (NO)

✓

✓

Elevated inducible NO synthase (iNOS)

✓

✓

Raised isoprostane levels

✓

✓

Low vitamin E

✓

✓

Reduced levels of glutathione

✓

✓

Low zinc levels

✓

✓

Low coenzyme Q10 concentrations

?

✓

O+NS implicated in pathology

✓

✓