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Table 3 Risks of death from all causes over 12-year according to hypnotic use

From: Hypnotics and mortality in an elderly general population: a 12-year prospective study

 

All-cause death

     
 

No

Yes

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Model 5e

N = 5,389

N = 1,307

Variable

n

%

n

%

HR [95% CI]

P

HR [95% CI]

P

HR [95% CI]

P

HR [95% CI]

P

HR [95% CI]

P

Hypnotic use

 No

4,261

79.07

981

75.06

1

0.007

1

0.16

1

0.12

1

0.50

1

0.43

 Yes

1,128

20.93

326

24.94

1.19 [1.05;1.36]

 

1.10 [0.96;1.25]

 

1.12 [0.97;1.29]

 

1.05 [0.92;1.20]

 

1.06 [0.92;1.23]

 

Number of hypnotics

 0

4,261

79.07

981

75.06

1

0.003

1

0.13

1

0.13

1

0.44

1

0.47

 1

970

18.00

272

20.81

1.14 [0.99;1.31]

 

1.06 [0.93;1.22]

 

1.09 [0.94;1.26]

 

1.02 [0.89;1.18]

 

1.04 [0.89;1.21]

 

 ≥2

158

2.93

54

4.13

1.53 [1.16;2.01]

 

1.32 [1.00;1.74]

 

1.33 [0.98;1.81]

 

1.20 [0.90;1.60]

 

1.21 [0.88;1.65]

 

BZD

 No

4,557

84.56

1069

81.79

1

0.003

1

0.05

1

0.05

1

0.22

1

0.21

 Yes

832

15.44

238

18.21

1.24 [1.08;1.44]

 

1.15 [1.00;1.33]

 

1.17 [1.00;1.37]

 

1.10 [0.95;1.28]

 

1.11 [0.94;1.30]

 

BZD-like compounds

 No

5,135

95.29

1240

94.87

1

0.93

1

0.56

1

0.76

1

0.40

1

0.55

 Yes

254

4.71

67

5.13

1.01 [0.79;1.29]

 

0.93 [0.72;1.19]

 

0.96 [0.74;1.25]

 

0.90 [0.70;1.15]

 

0.92 [0.71;1.20]

 

Miscellaneous medications

 No

5,241

97.25

1251

95.72

1

0.15

1

0.30

1

0.32

1

0.49

1

0.49

 Yes

148

2.75

56

4.28

1.22 [0.93;1.60]

 

1.15 [0.88;1.51]

 

1.16 [0.87;1.55]

 

1.10 [0.84;1.45]

 

1.11 [0.83;1.48]

 
  1. aAdjusted for age, study center, and gender; badjusted for age, study center, gender, level of education, confinement, alcohol intake, smoking status, history of cardio and cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, Mini Mental State Examination score, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus; cadjusted for all the covariates in model 2, plus excessive daytime sleepiness and number of insomnia complaints; dadjusted for all the covariates in model 2, plus depressive symptoms, antidepressant use and Spielberger trait anxiety score; eadjusted for all the covariates in model 3 plus depressive symptoms, antidepressants use and Spielberger trait anxiety score. BZD, benzodiazepines; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratios.
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BMC Medicine

ISSN: 1741-7015

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