TY - JOUR AU - Attaran, A. AU - Barry, D. AU - Basheer, S. AU - Bate, R. AU - Benton, D. AU - Chauvin, J. AU - Garrett, L. AU - Kickbusch, I. AU - Kohler, J. C. AU - Midha, K. AU - Newton, P. N. AU - Nishtar, S. AU - Orhii, P. AU - McKee, M. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - How to achieve international action on falsified and substandard medicines JO - BMJ VL - 345 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7381 DO - 10.1136/bmj.e7381 ID - Attaran2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mackey, T. K. AU - Liang, B. A. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - The global counterfeit drug trade: patient safety and public health risks JO - J Pharm Sci VL - 100 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22679 DO - 10.1002/jps.22679 ID - Mackey2011 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mackey, T. K. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Global health diplomacy and the governance of counterfeit medicines: a mapping exercise of institutional approaches BT - J Health Diplomacy ID - Mackey2013 ER - TY - STD TI - Institute of Medicine: Countering the problem of falsified and substandard drugs. http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Countering-the-Problem-of-Falsified-and-Substandard-Drugs.aspx. UR - http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Countering-the-Problem-of-Falsified-and-Substandard-Drugs.aspx ID - ref4 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Resolution 20/6: Countering fraudulent medicines, in particular their trafficking. http://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ-ECOSOC/CCPCJ-ECOSOC-00/CCPCJ-ECOSOC-11/Resolution_20-6.pdf. UR - http://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJ-ECOSOC/CCPCJ-ECOSOC-00/CCPCJ-ECOSOC-11/Resolution_20-6.pdf ID - ref5 ER - TY - STD TI - Interpol: Pharmaceutical crime: A major threat to public health. http://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Pharmaceutical-crime/Pharmaceutical-crime. UR - http://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Pharmaceutical-crime/Pharmaceutical-crime ID - ref6 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organisation: Options for the structure and governance of the Member State mechanism on substandard/spurious/ falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit medical products: Report by the Secretariat. http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_MSM1_3-en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_MSM1_3-en.pdf ID - ref7 ER - TY - STD TI - International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations: The IFPMA Ten Principles on Counterfeit Medicines. http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2010/IFPMA_Ten_Principles_on_Counterfeit_Medicines_12May2010.pdf. UR - http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2010/IFPMA_Ten_Principles_on_Counterfeit_Medicines_12May2010.pdf ID - ref8 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Cotonou Declaration against fake medicines, 12 October 2009, Cotonou (Benin) ID - ref9 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kingdon, J. W. AU - Thurber, J. A. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Update Edition, with an Epilogue on Health Care ID - Kingdon2010 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Medicines: counterfeit medicines. http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counterfeit/impact/ImpactF_S/en/index.html. UR - http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counterfeit/impact/ImpactF_S/en/index.html ID - ref11 ER - TY - CHAP PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Growing threat from counterfeit medicines BT - Bull World Health Organ ID - ref12 ER - TY - STD TI - Fighting fake drugs: the role of WHO and pharma. Lancet. 2011, 377: 1626. ID - ref13 ER - TY - CHAP PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development BT - The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy PB - OECD Publishing CY - Paris, France ID - ref14 ER - TY - STD TI - Customs group to fight $200 bln bogus drug industry. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/10/us-customs-drugs-idUSTRE65961U20100610. UR - http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/06/10/us-customs-drugs-idUSTRE65961U20100610 ID - ref15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Buckley, G. J. AU - Kelley, P. W. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Stemming the global trade in falsified and substandard MedicinesStemming the global trade in substandard medicines JO - JAMA VL - 309 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.3048 DO - 10.1001/jama.2013.3048 ID - Gostin2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohen, J. C. AU - Mrazek, M. AU - Hawkins, L. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Tackling corruption in the pharmaceutical systems worldwide with courage and conviction JO - Clin Pharmacol Ther VL - 81 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.clpt.6100074 DO - 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100074 ID - Cohen2007 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Counterfeit medicines: an update on estimates 15 ID - ref18 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liang, B. A. AU - Mackey, T. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Searching for safety: addressing search engine, website, and provider accountability for illicit online drug sales JO - Am J Law Med VL - 35 ID - Liang2009 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mackey, T. K. AU - Liang, B. A. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Pharmaceutical digital marketing and governance: illicit actors and challenges to global patient safety and public health BT - Global Health ID - Mackey2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, N. AU - Clark, J. P. AU - Stecher, V. J. AU - Goldstein, I. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Internet-ordered Viagra (sildenafil citrate) is rarely genuine JO - J Sex Med VL - 9 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02877.x DO - 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02877.x ID - Campbell2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liang, B. A. AU - Mackey, T. K. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Vaccine shortages and suspect online pharmacy sellers JO - Vaccine VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.016 DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.016 ID - Liang2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forman, R. F. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Availability of opioids on the internet JO - JAMA VL - 290 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.7.889 DO - 10.1001/jama.290.7.889 ID - Forman2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forman, R. F. AU - Block, L. G. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - The marketing of opioid medications without prescription over the internet JO - J Publ Pol Market VL - 25 UR - https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.25.2.133 DO - 10.1509/jppm.25.2.133 ID - Forman2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mackey, T. K. AU - Liang, B. A. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Oncology and the internet: regulatory failure and reform JO - J Oncol Pract VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2012.000579 DO - 10.1200/JOP.2012.000579 ID - Mackey2012 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Khan, M. H. AU - Tanimoto, T. AU - Nakanishi, Y. AU - Yoshida, N. AU - Tsuboi, H. AU - Kimura, K. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Public health concerns for anti-obesity medicines imported for personal use through the internet: a cross-sectional study BT - BMJ Open ID - Khan2012 ER - TY - STD TI - Interpol: Operations. http://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Pharmaceutical-crime/Operations/Operation-Pangea. UR - http://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Pharmaceutical-crime/Operations/Operation-Pangea ID - ref27 ER - TY - STD TI - Pharmaceutical Security Institute: Incident Trends. http://www.psi-inc.org/incidentTrends.cfm. UR - http://www.psi-inc.org/incidentTrends.cfm ID - ref28 ER - TY - STD TI - Pharmaceutical Security Institute: Counterfeit Situation: Therapeutic Categories. http://www.psi-inc.org/therapeuticCategories.cfm. UR - http://www.psi-inc.org/therapeuticCategories.cfm ID - ref29 ER - TY - STD TI - Pharmaceutical Security Institute: Counterfeit Situation - Definitions. http://www.psi-inc.org/counterfeitSituation.cfm. UR - http://www.psi-inc.org/counterfeitSituation.cfm ID - ref30 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: WHO’s relationship with the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce. http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_SSFFC_WG4-en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_SSFFC_WG4-en.pdf ID - ref31 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Substandard/Spurious/Falsely-Labelled/ Falsified/Counterfeit Medical Products: Report by the Director-General. http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_16-en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_16-en.pdf ID - ref32 ER - TY - STD TI - Intellectual Property Watch: WHO Members Show Dismay At Delay On Counterfeit Medicines Group. http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/2011/01/19/who-members-show-dismay-at-delay-on-counterfeit-medicines-group/. UR - http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/2011/01/19/who-members-show-dismay-at-delay-on-counterfeit-medicines-group/ ID - ref33 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mackey, T. K. AU - Liang, B. A. AU - Kubic, T. T. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Dangerous doses: fighting fraud in the global medicine supply chain BT - Foreign Aff ID - Mackey2012 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Conclusions and recommendations of the WHO international conference on combating counterfeit medicines: declaration of Rome. http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counterfeit/RomeDeclaration.pdf. UR - http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counterfeit/RomeDeclaration.pdf ID - ref35 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Sixty-Fifth World Health Assembly: Agenda item 13.13: WHA65.19. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19994en/s19994en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19994en/s19994en.pdf ID - ref36 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Report of the First Meeting of the Member State mechanism on substandard/spurious/falsely- labelled/falsified/counterfeit medical products. http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_MSM1_4-en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_MSM1_4-en.pdf ID - ref37 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mackey, T. K. AU - Liang, B. A. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - A United Nations global health panel for global health governance JO - Soc Sci Med VL - 76 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.038 DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.038 ID - Mackey2012 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Experts discuss the role of organized crime in the production and trade of fraudulent medicines. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2013/February/conference-focuses-on-the-role-of-organized-crime-in-the-trafficking-of-fraudulent-medicines.html?ref=fs4. UR - http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2013/February/conference-focuses-on-the-role-of-organized-crime-in-the-trafficking-of-fraudulent-medicines.html?ref=fs4 ID - ref39 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: How UNODC deals with HIV. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/hiv-aids/index.html. UR - http://www.unodc.org/unodc/hiv-aids/index.html ID - ref40 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Think AIDS before you share needles. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/think-aids-before-you-share-needles.html. UR - http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/think-aids-before-you-share-needles.html ID - ref41 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: Criminals rake in $250 billion per year in counterfeit goods that pose health and security risks. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2012/July/criminals-rake-in-250-billion-per-year-in-counterfeit-goods-that-pose-health-security-risks-to-unsuspecting-public.html. UR - http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2012/July/criminals-rake-in-250-billion-per-year-in-counterfeit-goods-that-pose-health-security-risks-to-unsuspecting-public.html ID - ref42 ER - TY - STD TI - Europol: Europol and Interpol enhance cooperation against counterfeiting to transform regional success into global action. https://www.europol.europa.eu/content/press/europol-and-interpol-enhance-cooperation-against-counterfeiting-transform-regional-suc. UR - https://www.europol.europa.eu/content/press/europol-and-interpol-enhance-cooperation-against-counterfeiting-transform-regional-suc ID - ref43 ER - TY - STD TI - Interpol: Global operation strikes at online supply of illegal and counterfeit medicines worldwide. http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2011/PR081. UR - http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2011/PR081 ID - ref44 ER - TY - STD TI - Interpol: Interpol and pharmaceutical industry launch global initiative to combat fake medicines. http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2013/PR031. UR - http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2013/PR031 ID - ref45 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: WHO’s role in the prevention and control of medical products of compromised quality, safety and efficacy such as substandard/spurious/falsely-labelled/ falsified/counterfeit medical products. http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_SSFFC_WG2_3-en.pdf. UR - http://apps.who.int/gb/ssffc/pdf_files/A_SSFFC_WG2_3-en.pdf ID - ref46 ER - TY - STD TI - World Intellectual Property Organization: WHO, WIPO, WTO Trilateral Cooperation on Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade. http://www.wipo.int/globalchallenges/en/health/trilateral_cooperation.html. UR - http://www.wipo.int/globalchallenges/en/health/trilateral_cooperation.html ID - ref47 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations: Environmental Governance. http://www.unep.org/pdf/brochures/EnvironmentalGovernance.pdf. UR - http://www.unep.org/pdf/brochures/EnvironmentalGovernance.pdf ID - ref48 ER - TY - STD TI - United Nations Environment Programme: United Nations Office for Partnerships. http://www.un.org/partnerships/. UR - http://www.un.org/partnerships/ ID - ref49 ER - TY - STD TI - World Health Organization: Ninth meeting of the WHO Advisory Committee on Safety of Medicinal Products. http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/safety_efficacy/ACSoMP9.pdf. UR - http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/safety_efficacy/ACSoMP9.pdf ID - ref50 ER - TY - STD TI - World Trade Organization: Doha 4th Ministerial - Ministerial declaration. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm. UR - http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min01_e/mindecl_e.htm ID - ref51 ER - TY - STD TI - The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/233/prepub UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/233/prepub ID - ref52 ER -