Multimorbidity in bipolar disorder and undertreatment of cardiovascular disease: a cross sectional study

Table 3 Differences in risk factors and prescribing between bipolar and controls for coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension patients standardised by age and gender

Patients	Bipolar	Controls	Odds ratio (95% CI)
CHD patients:	n = 170	n = 80,985
Current smokers, %	32.3	20.6	1.55 (1.11 to 2.17) P = 0.01
Ever smokers, %	67.6	63.3	1.00 (0.73 to 1.37) P = 0.95
	n = 147	n = 73,508
Total cholesterol >5, %	18.6	18.3	1.02 (0.73 to 1.37) P = 0.95
	n = 170	n = 80,863
Blood pressure not controlled, %*	1.1	2.3	0.24 (0.03 to 1.74) P = 0.16
Prescribed drugs	n = 170	n = 81,297
Aspirin or clopidogrel, %	69.3	73.6	0.81 (0.58 to 1.12) P = 0.20
Statin, %	70.0	74.9	0.69 (0.50 to 0.96) P = 0.02
No antihypertensive, %	29.4	15.8	2.08 (1.49 to 2.91) P <0.001
One antihypertensive, %	37.6	31.3	1.29 (0.94 to 1.76) P = 0.10
Two or more antihypertensives, %	32.9	52.7	0.46 (0.33 to 0.63) P <0.001
Hypertension patients:	n = 462	n = 232,986
Current smokers, %	27.9	17.1	1.87 (1.53 to 2.39) P <0.001
Ever smokers, %	54.5	48.9	1.25 (1.04 to 1.50) P <0.001
	n = 462	n = 232.915
Blood pressure not controlled, %*	6.5	6.6	0.94 (0.64 to 1.37) P = 0.77
Prescribed drugs	n = 462	n = 233,852
Statin, %	36.7	41.5	0.82 (0.68 to 0.98) P = 0.04
No antihypertensive, %	21.8	13.9	1.70 (1.36 to 2.12) P <0.001
One antihypertensive, %	39.8	32.3	1.38 (1.15 to 1.67) P <0.001
Two or more antihypertensives, %	37.8	53.7	0.53 (0.44 to 0.68) P <0.001

Prescribing based on previous 84 days. Antihypertensives include any angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotension II receptor blocker (ARB), beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, thiazide, alpha blocker, spironolactone or other antihypertensive.
*Blood pressure not controlled calculated as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 plus diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 if aged under 80, and SBP ≥150 plus DBP ≥90 if aged 80 and over.

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