Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on human serum metabolite profile: results from the KORA cohort study

Table 3 Smoking intensity (pack years) related to metabolites

Metabolites	β estimate of pack year	Δ (%)	P
	(95% confidence interval)×10^-3
Men
Arginine	-1.1 (-3.6, 1.4)	-0.11%	0.38
Aspartate	2.9 (-1.4, 7.1)	0.29%	0.20
Glutamate	2.9 (-1.2, 6.9)	0.29%	0.17
Ornithine	-2.4 (-5.2, 0.3)	-0.24%	0.09
Serine	1.1 (-1.3, 3.6)	0.11%	0.37
Kynurenine*	-3.3 (-6.1, -0.5)	-0.33%	0.02
PC aa C32:3	-1.4 (-4.3, 1.4)	-0.14%	0.33
PC aa C34:1	-0.9 (-3.5, 1.6)	-0.09%	0.48
PC aa C36:0	-2.3 (-4.9, 0.4)	-0.23%	0.09
PC aa C36:1	-1.4 (-4.6, 1.8)	-0.14%	0.39
PC aa C38:0	-2.1 (-4.9, 0.7)	-0.21%	0.15
PC aa C38:3	1.2 (-1.7, 4.1)	0.12%	0.43
PC aa C40:4	1.3 (-2.5, 5.1)	0.13%	0.51
PC ae C34:3*	-3.7 (-6.4, -0.9)	-0.37%	0.01
PC ae C38:0*	-3.6 (-6.6, -0.5)	-0.36%	0.02
PC ae C38:6*	-2.6 (-5.1, -0.1)	-0.26%	0.04
PC ae C40:6	-1.7 (-4.4, 1.0)	-0.17%	0.22
lysoPC a C18:2	-3.1 (-6.5, 0.3)	-0.31%	0.07
Women
Carnitine	1.1 (-4.3, 6.5)	0.11%	0.70
PC aa C32:1	0.2 (-10.5, 10.9)	0.02%	0.97
PC aa C36:1*	6.9 (0.6, 13.2)	0.69%	0.04
PC ae C34:3	-2.7 (-7.7, 2.2)	-0.27%	0.54
SM (OH) C22:2	-2.8 (-7.7, 2.2)	-0.28%	0.28
Glutamate	2.2 (-7.8, 12.2)	0.22%	0.67

Results of linear regression of smoking intensity (pack years) on metabolite concentrations in men and women, adjusted for age, body mass index and alcohol consumption. All smoking-related metabolites presented in Table 2 are listed (*P <0.05). aa: diacyl-; ae: acyl-alkyl-; CS: current smokers; FS: former smokers; lysoPC: acyl-phosphatidylcholine; NS: never smokers; PC: phosphatidylcholine; SM (OH): hydroxysphingomyeline.

ISSN: 1741-7015