Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on human serum metabolite profile: results from the KORA cohort study

Table 5 Association of reversible metabolites with smoking status change in the prospective dataset (KORA S4 → F4)

	β estimate of smoking status (95% confidence interval)	P
Men
Arginine	-0.12 (-0.18, -0.06)	1.4e^-04a
Ornithine	-0.16 (-0.24, -0.08)	2.1e^-04a
PC aa C34:1	-0.09 (-0.15, -0.03)	3.3e^-03a
PC aa C36:0	0.17 (0.09, 0.25)	6.4e^-05a
PC aa C36:1	-0.12 (-0.18, -0.05)	8.5e^-04a
PC aa C38:0	0.14 (0.06, 0.22)	3.0e^-04a
PC aa C38:3	-0.04 (-0.11, 0.02)	1.7e^-01
PC aa C40:4	-0.11 (-0.18, -0.03)	6.0e^-03
PC ae C34:3	0.14 (0.06, 0.21)	3.5e^-04a
PC ae C38:0	0.13 (0.05, 0.21)	1.8e^-03a
PC ae C38:6	0.11 (0.04, 0.18)	1.5e^-03a
PC ae C40:6	0.08 (0.01, 0.15)	2.1e^-02
lysoPC a C18:2	0.03 (-0.06, 0.11)	5.2e^-01
Women
Carnitine	-0.12 (-0.20, -0.05)	1.4e^-03
PC aa C32:1	-0.18 (-0.32, -0.03)	2.1e^-03
PC aa C36:1	-0.11 (-0.20, -0.02)	2.0e^-02
PC ae C34:3	0.09 (-0.02, 0.19)	0.95
SM (OH) C22.2	0.12 (0.02, 0.22)	1.9e^-02

Result of smoking status on metabolite concentrations using linear mixed model for S4 → F4 longitudinal data, adjusted for age, BMI, and alcohol consumption. PC: phosphatidylcholine; aa: diacyl-; ae: acyl-alkyl-; lysoPC: acyl-phosphatidylcholine; SM (OH): hydroxysphingomyeline. ^a FDR<0.05.

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