A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention reduces frailty in older people: randomized trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

	Intervention group (n = 120)	Control group (n = 121)	P ^a
Characteristic
Male (%)	39 (33%)	39 (32%)	0.96
Age (year)	83.4 ±5.81	83.2 ±5.91	0.80
Lives alone (%)	60 (50%)	51 (42%)	0.22
Number of frailty criteria present^b (%)			0.84
Three	77 (64%)	79 (65%)
Four	33 (28%)	30 (25%)
Five	10 (8%)	12 (10%)
Weight	68.5 (15.7)	69.3 (17.3)	0.70
Exhaustion (%)	77 (64%)	76 (63%)	0.83
Grip strength (kg)	15.8 (7.2)	15.3 (7.2)	0.70
Gait speed (m/s)	0.48 (0.18)	0.50 (0.17)	0.32
Low physical activity (%)	73 (61%)	83 (69%)	0.21
Frailty, mean Cardiovascular Health Study score Health status	3.44 (0.65)	3.45 (0.67)	0.96
Coexisting conditions^c	5.87 ±2.33	5.75 ±2.24	0.70
Body mass index (kg/m²)	26.1 ±5.91	26.4 ±6.04	0.67
Geriatric Depression Scale^d,e	4.76 ±3.18	5.06 ±3.19	0.47
Mini Mental State Examination^d,e	26.6 ±2.59	25.9 ±3.14	0.07
Functioning
Disability, Barthel Index^e	93.9 ±11.1	92.5 ±14.3	0.40
Mobility, Short Physical Performance Battery^e	5.21 ±1.89	5.74 ±2.12	0.04
Mobility, lower extremity continuous summary performance score^e	1.74 ±0.43	1.86 ±0.45	0.05
Health-related quality of life, EuroQol-5D^e	7.67 ±1.47	7.83 ±1.50	0.39
Health-related quality of life, EuroQol-5D VAS^e	58.2 ±15.8	57.9 ±18.4	0.90

Data presented as number (%) or mean ±standard deviation. ^a P-values were derived from the chi-square test or analysis of variance. ^bFrailty phenotype as specified using Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. ^cSelf-reported, doctor-diagnosed medical conditions. ^dMissing data for Geriatric Depression Scale (n = 1), Mini Mental Status Examination (n = 2). ^eThe Geriatric Depression Scale (short form) has scores between 0 and 15 with a higher score indicating more depressive symptoms. For the Mini Mental Status Examination, higher scores indicate higher cognitive function with a maximum score of 30. The Barthel Index has scores between 0 and 100 with higher scores indicating better basic activities of daily living functioning. The Short Physical Performance Battery [7] has scores between 0 and 12, and the lower extremity continuous summary performance [15] scale has scores between 0 and 2.71; in both, better mobility function is indicated by a higher score. The EQ-5D has scores between 5 and 15 with higher scores indicating worse health-related quality of life. The EQ-5D VAS has scores between 0 and 100 with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. VAS: visual analog scale.

ISSN: 1741-7015