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Table 1 Significant associations of autoimmune diseases in first degree relatives.

From: How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Proband´s disease

Author

Disease in first degree relatives

References

Autoimmune thyroid disease

Boelaert et al.

AdD, CD, IBD, MG, MS, PA, RA, SLE, T1D, VIT

[33]

 

Hemminki et al.

In parent: AdD, IIM, MG, PA, RA, T1D, UC

[34]

  

In sibling: Discoid lupus erythematosus, localized SSc, T1D

 
  

In parent and sibling: SLE

 

Type 1 diabetes

Bottazo et al.

AITD

[36]

 

Anaya et al.

AITD

[37]

 

Wagner et al.

AITD,CD, PSO, RA, VIT

[38]

 

Hemminki et al.

In parent: AdD, AITD, AS, CD, PA, PBC, RA, SLE, UC, WG

[39]

  

In sibling: AdD, AITD, CD

 
  

In parent and sibling: RA

 
 

Lebenthal et al.

AITD, CD

[41]

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Criswell et al.

AITD

[35]

 

Alarcon-Segovia et al.

AITD, IIM, RA, SSc

[42]

 

Priori et al.

AITD, RA, T1D, VIT

[43]

 

Corporaal et al.

MS, RA

[44]

Rheumatoid arthritis

Lin et al.

AITD, T1D,

[45]

 

Thomas et al.

T1D

[46]

 

Hemminki et al.

In parent: AITD, AS, Localized SSc, PA, PSO, SLE, SS, SSc, WG

[47]

  

In sibling: PSO, SLE

 
 

Jawaheer et al.

AITD

[48]

Multiple sclerosis

Barcellos et al.

AITD, PSO, RA, T1D

[32]

 

Criswell et al.

PSO

[35]

 

Broadley et al.

AITD

[49]

 

Deretzi et al.

AITD, IBD, PSO, T1D

[50]

 

Heinzlef et al.

AITD, RA, T1D, VIT

[51]

 

Henderson et al.

AS

[52]

 

Marrosu et al.

T1D

[53]

 

Nielsen et al.

AdD, CrD, PAN,

[55]

Systemic sclerosis

Arora-Singh et al.

AITD, RA, SLE,

[57]

 

Hudson et al.

AITD, PBC, RA, SLE, SS

[58]

 

Koumakis et al.

AITD, RA, SLE, SS

[59]

Sjögren's syndrome

Reveille et al.

AITD, MS, SLE, SSc

[61]

 

Anaya et al.

AITD, RA, SLE

[62]

Inflammatory bowel disease

Criswell et al.

MS

[35]

Ulcerative colitis

Hemminki et al.

In parent: AITD, AS, CrD, MS, PA, PAN, PSO, RA, SLE, T1D

[63]

  

In sibling: AS, CrD

 
  

In parent and sibling: CrD, PSO

 

Crohn's disease

Hemminki et al.

In parent: AS, PSO, UC

[63]

  

In sibling: AS, UC

 
  

In parent and sibling: RA, UC

 
  

In twins: UC

 

Vitiligo

Alkhateeb et al.

AdD, AITD, MG, PA, SLE, SSc

[64]

 

Laberge et al.

AdD, AITD, PA, PSO, RA

[65]

 

Zhang et al.

AA, PSO, RA

[66]

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Prahalad et al.

AITD

[67]

 

Huang et al.

AITD, AS, PSO, SLE

[68]

Juvenile lupus erythematosus

Huang et al.

AITD, AS, MG

[68]

Inflammatory idiopathic myositis

Ginn et al.

AITD, PA, PSO, RA, SS, T1D

[70]

Celiac disease

Petaros et al.

AITD, PSO, T1D

[72]

 

Cataldo et al.

AITD, T1D

[73]

 

Neuhausen et al.

JRA, T1D

[74]

Alopecia areata

Kakourou et al.

AITD, CD, PSO, T1D, VIT

[75]

  1. AA, alopecia areata; AdD, Addison's disease; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; AITD, autoimmune thyroid disease; CD, celiac disease; CrD, Crohn's disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IIM, idiopathic inflammatory myositis; JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis; JRA, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; JSLE, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus; MAS, multiple autoimmune syndrome; MG, myasthenia gravis; MS, multiple sclerosis; PA, pernicious anemia; PAN, polyarteritis nodosa; PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis; PSO, psoriasis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjögren's syndrome; SSc, systemic sclerosis; T1D, type 1 diabetes; UC, ulcerative colitis; VIT, vitiligo; WG, Wegener's granulomatosis. Note: Although AS is considered an auto-inflammatory more than autoimmune disease [76] we show the results obtained.
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