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Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included.

From: How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Disease in probands

Author and year

Country

Study type

Total number of probands

Affected FDRs in probands

Total number FDRs

Total controls

Affected FDRs in controls

Total FDRs in controls

Oxford 2011 level of evidence

Observations

AITD

           
 

Boelaert 2010 [33]

UK

Cross sectional

3286

845

6572

   

3

 
 

Hemminki 2009 [34]

Sweden

Cohort

15,743

1,135

2,412

   

3

 
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

43

21

232

   

3

 

T1D

           
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

10

6

232

   

3

 
 

Bottazzo 1978 [36]

UK

Cross sectional

116

4

257

   

3

 
 

Anaya 2006 [37]

Colombia

C&C

98

18

312

113

9

362

3

 
 

Wagner 2011 [38]

Spain

Cross sectional

12,973

97

1,279

   

3

Non diabetic siblings

    

12,973

1,001

6,262

    

Diabetic siblings

 

Hemminki 2009 [39]

Sweden

Cohort

21,168

1,913

5,195

   

3

 
 

Samuelsson 2004 [40]

Lithuania/Sweden

C&C

803

114

 

1,944

229

 

3

N = for controls and for FDRs is not specified

 

Lebenthal 2011a [41]

Israel

Cross sectional

121

57

    

3

Familial T1D patients

    

226

43

     

Sporadic T1D patients.

           

Numbers of FDRs are not given

SLE

           
 

Alarcón Segovia 2005 [42]

Latin america

Cross sectional

1,177

50

    

3

Total number of FDRs is not specified

 

Priori 2003 [43]

Italy

C&C

154

39

759

140

12

776

3

 
 

Corporaal 2002 [44]

The Netherlands

Cross sectional

135

42

693

   

3

 
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

65

47

232

   

3

 

RA

           
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

46

31

232

   

3

 
 

Lin 1998 [45]

USA

C&C

29

25

218

14

4

98

3

 
 

Thomas 1983 [46]

UK

C&C

295

19

2,081

307

8

2,299

3

 
 

Hemminki 2009 [47]

Sweden

Cohort

47,361

1,919

4,677

   

3

 
 

Jawaheer 2004 [48]

USA

C&C

1,097

10

  

83

 

3

N = for controls and for total FDRs are not specified

MS

           
 

Barcellos 2006 [32]

USA

Cross sectional

176

119

1,107

   

3

 
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

82

64

232

   

3

 
 

Broadley 2000 [49]

UK

C&C

571

879

3,949

375

879

3949

3

Individual numbers of FDRs of cases and controls are not given

 

Deretzi 2010 [50]

Greece

C&C

891

410

3,112

355

96

1580

3

 
 

Heinzlef 2000 [51]

France

Cross sectional

357

33

1,971

   

4

 
 

Henderson 2000 [52]

Australia

C&C

157

53

722

222

1582

1138

3

 
 

Marrosu 2002 [53]

Italy

Cohort

1,090

53

5,480

   

3

 
 

Ramagopalan 2007 [54]

Canada

Cross sectional

5,031

786

30,259

   

3

 
 

Nielsen 2008 [55]

Denmark

Cohort

8,205

260

20,800

   

3

 
 

Laroni 2005 [56]

Italy

C&C

245

21

984

245

13

1,002

4

 

SSc

           
 

Arora Singh 2010 [57]

USA

 

1,071

184

4,612

   

3

 
 

Hudson 2008 [58]

Canada

Cross sectional

719

260

715

   

3

 
 

Koumakis 2012 [59]

France

C&C

373

245

823

250

70

318

3

 
 

Frech 2010 [60]

USA

Nested C&C

1,037

95

4,629

10,370

417

49,312

3

Total number of FDRs, from controls, is not specified but ten controls were selected per proband

SS

           
 

Reveille 1984 [61]

USA

Cross sectional

98

     

3

Total number of FDRs and affected FDRs are not specified

 

Anaya 2006 [62]

Colombia

C&C

101

56

876

124

33

857

3

 

UC

           
 

Hemminki 2010 [63]

Sweden

Cohort

25,846

2,528

5,121

   

3

 

CrD

           
 

Hemminki 2010 [63]

Sweden

Cohort

18,885

2,169

4,306

   

3

 

IBD

           
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

7

8

232

   

3

 

VIT

           
 

Alkhateeb 2003 [64]

USA/UK

Cross sectional

2,624

660

8,034

   

3

 
 

Laberge 2005 [65]

USA

Cross sectional

133

98

331

   

3

 
 

Zhang 2009 [66]

China

Cross sectional

5,601

340

18,705

   

3

 

JRA

           
 

Prahalad 2002 [67]

USA

C&C

110

72

446

45

29

181

3

 
 

Huang 2004 [68]

Taiwan

Cross sectional

110

5

    

3

Total number of FDRs is not specified

JSLE

           
 

Huang 2004 [68]

Taiwan

Cross sectional

91

6

    

3

Total number of FDRs is not specified

 

Walters 2012 [69]

USA

Cross sectional

69

23

    

3

Total number of FDRs is not specified

IIM

           
 

Ginn 1998 [70]

USA

C&C

21

33

151

21

7

143

3

 
 

Niewold 2011 [71]

USA

Cross sectional

304

30

1,224

   

3

 

CD

           
 

Petaros 2002 [72]

Italy

C&C

125

18

373

125

4

352

3

 
 

Cataldo 2003 [73]

Italy

C&C

66

11

225

68

2

232

3

 
 

Neuhausen 2008 [74]

USA

Cross sectional

408

58

1,272

   

3

 

AA

           
 

Kakouroru 2007 [75]

Greece

C&C

157

  

100

  

3

Total number of FDRs and affected FDRs are not specified

PSO

           
 

Criswell 2005 [35]

USA

Cross sectional

8

8

232

   

3

 
  1. aNumbers depicted represent families and not family members. Note: Only classical ADs are taken into account. Although some studies did not report the number of FDRs they specified other measures of association. See text for more details. AA, alopecia areata; AITD, autoimmune thyroid disease; C&C, case control; CD, celiac disease; CrD, Crohn's disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IIM, idiopathic inflammatory myositis; JRA, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; JSLE, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus; MS, multiple sclerosis; PSO, psoriasis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjögren's syndrome; SSc, systemic sclerosis; T1D, type 1 diabetes; UC, ulcerative colitis; VIT, vitiligo.
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