Urinary metabolic profiles in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction in the Rhea mother–child cohort study

Maitre, Léa; Fthenou, Eleni; Athersuch, Toby; Coen, Muireann; Toledano, Mireille B; Holmes, Elaine; Kogevinas, Manolis; Chatzi, Leda; Keun, Hector C

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-110

Table 2 Urinary metabolites with significant median differences between birth outcome cases and controls

From: Urinary metabolic profiles in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction in the Rhea mother–child cohort study

	Selected resonance (*δ), ppm*	All PB types (n = 114)			SPB (n = 88)			IPB (n = 26)			FGR (n = 36)			SGA (n = 19)
	Selected resonance (*δ), ppm*	Pvalue	q value	% diff	Pvalue	q value	% diff	Pvalue	q value	% diff	Pvalue	q value	% diff	Pvalue	q value	% diff
Tyrosine^a	6.87 (d), 7.18 (d)	0.055	0.264	−15%	0.161	0.410	−12%	0.083	0.530	−20%	0.008	0.024	−24%	0.094	0.220	−25%
Steroid conjugate – 0.63 (s)	0.63 (s)	0.039	0.252	17%	0.045	0.218	19%	0.391	0.808	11%	0.129	0.096	15%	0.392	0.486	8%
Leucine	0.96 (t)	0.364	0.578	2%	0.227	0.463	2%	0.778	0.893	−2%	0.443	0.226	1%	0.026	0.093	11%
Lactate	1.33 (d)	0.342	0.562	−5%	0.259	0.482	−5%	0.988	0.914	−4%	0.025	0.051	−19%	0.009	0.081	−19%
Alanine	1.48 (d)	0.627	0.702	−1%	0.426	0.602	−2%	0.653	0.875	3%	0.031	0.055	−10%	0.027	0.094	−9%
Lysine	1.73 (m)	0.056	0.264	1%	0.016	0.214	2%	0.762	0.891	−2%	0.349	0.197	−4%	0.512	0.553	0%
Acetate	1.92 (s)	0.423	0.613	−2%	0.885	0.758	0%	0.106	0.564	−7%	0.003	0.018	−9%	0.017	0.081	−11%
N-acetyl glycoprotein fragments	2.04 (s)	0.390	0.594	3%	0.783	0.735	0%	0.009	0.231	9%	0.358	0.200	−4%	0.913	0.688	−1%
N-acetyl neuraminic acid	2.06 (s)	0.806	0.752	0%	0.701	0.713	0%	0.173	0.650	7%	0.525	0.248	1%	0.015	0.081	10%
Citrate	2.55 (d)	0.818	0.754	−2%	0.882	0.757	−1%	0.395	0.809	−5%	0.045	0.067	−9%	0.119	0.250	−9%
Trimethylamine	2.87 (s)	0.094	0.277	−2%	0.218	0.457	−1%	0.133	0.593	−7%	0.002	0.018	−18%	0.013	0.081	−17%
Trimethylamine-N-oxide	3.27 (s)	0.067	0.270	−3%	0.032	0.217	−3%	0.976	0.913	6%	0.184	0.126	−7%	0.084	0.206	−9%
Glycine	3.57 (d)	0.103	0.279	−5%	0.049	0.218	−10%	0.920	0.908	8%	0.019	0.044	−14%	0.008	0.081	−17%
Phenylacetylglutamine	7.37 (d)	0.071	0.271	−9%	0.356	0.558	−3%	0.015	0.231	−21%	0.871	0.339	−1%	0.428	0.508	−12%
N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide	8.33 (s)	0.065	0.269	8%	0.049	0.218	8%	0.676	0.879	−3%	0.764	0.311	−7%	0.545	0.568	−10%
Formate	8.46 (s)	0.004	0.105	−11%	0.009	0.214	−12%	0.115	0.574	−8%	0.007	0.024	−16%	0.410	0.498	−2%

% diff – percentage difference in group median.
Metabolite differences with P < 0.05 (Mann–Whitney test) are in bold type.
q Values indicate false discovery rate (likelihood of a false positive finding).
^aMetabolite levels were determined by peak integration except for tyrosine, for which the Chenomx NMR suite was used.
FGR, fetal growth restriction; IPB, induced preterm birth; SGA, small for gestational age; SPB, spontaneous preterm birth.
Letters in brackets in the selected resonance column represent the signal multiplicity with (s) for singlets, (d) for doublets, (m) for multiplet and (t) for triplets.

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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