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Table 2 Characteristics of included studies: any NSAIDs use and prostate cancer-specific mortality

From: Effect of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Study location

Study design

PCa Cases (number)

Died from PCa (number)

Age (y)

Median follow-up (y)

Drugs studied

Treatment

Tumor stage

Confounders for adjustment

Quality score

Flahavan, 2014 [39]

Ireland

Cohort

2,936

104

70.5

5.5

Aspirin

PR, RT, ADT

I–III

1–8

8

Grytli, 2014 [40]

Norway

Cohort

3,561

1,010

76.3

3.3

Aspirin

ADT

I–IV

1, 2, 9–13

7

Cardwell, 2013 [41]

UK

Nested case–control

6,339

1,184

NR

6.0

Aspirin

PR, RT, ADT, EST

I–IV

1, 4, 8, 13–17

7

Dhillon, 2012 [42]

USA

Cohort

3,986

265

68.6

8.4

Aspirin/NSAIDs/ NA-NSAIDs

PR, RT, EST

I–IIIab

1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 18–29

7

Choe, 2012 [43]

USA

Cohort

5,955

193

64.0

5.8

Aspirin

RP, RT

I–IV

1, 2, 9, 10, 29–31

8

Stock, 2008 [44]

Canada

Case–control

1,619

453

67.2

NR

NSAIDs

RP, RT

I–IV

1, 2, 9, 21

7

Ratnasinghe, 2004 [45]

USA

Cohort

NR

121

25–74

NR

Aspirin

NR

NR

1, 4, 19, 21, 32–33

6

Lipworth, 2004 [46]

Denmark

Cohort

NR

296

48.4

4.3

NA-NSAIDs

NR

NR

1, 33

5

  1. Confounders for adjustment: 1, age; 2, tumor grade; 3, tumor size; 4, smoking status; 5, co-morbidity score; 6, year of incidence; 7, pre-diagnostic statin exposure 8, receipt of radiation; 9, prostate-specific antigen level; 10, Gleason score; 11, presence and type of metastases; 12, performance status; 13, androgen deprivation therapy initiated within six months after diagnosis; 14, year of cancer diagnosis; 15, chemotherapy within six months of diagnosis; 16, estrogen therapy during exposure period; 17, comorbidities; 18, family history; 19, race; 20, height; 21, body mass index; 22, vigorous physical activity; 23, vitamin D; 24, fish; 25, red meat; 26, cholesterol-lowering drugs; 27, total kcal; 28, aspirin use before diagnosis; 29, initial treatment; 30, aspirin use; 31, non-aspirin anticoagulant use; 32, poverty index; 33, education; 33, number of prescriptions. ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; EST, estrogen therapy; NA-NSAIDs, non-aspirin NSAIDs; NR: not reported; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiation therapy; y, years.