|
Study
|
Study location
|
Study design
|
PCa Cases (number)
|
Died from PCa (number)
|
Age (y)
|
Median follow-up (y)
|
Drugs studied
|
Treatment
|
Tumor stage
|
Confounders for adjustment
|
Quality score
|
|---|
|
Flahavan, 2014 [39]
|
Ireland
|
Cohort
|
2,936
|
104
|
70.5
|
5.5
|
Aspirin
|
PR, RT, ADT
|
I–III
|
1–8
|
8
|
|
Grytli, 2014 [40]
|
Norway
|
Cohort
|
3,561
|
1,010
|
76.3
|
3.3
|
Aspirin
|
ADT
|
I–IV
|
1, 2, 9–13
|
7
|
|
Cardwell, 2013 [41]
|
UK
|
Nested case–control
|
6,339
|
1,184
|
NR
|
6.0
|
Aspirin
|
PR, RT, ADT, EST
|
I–IV
|
1, 4, 8, 13–17
|
7
|
|
Dhillon, 2012 [42]
|
USA
|
Cohort
|
3,986
|
265
|
68.6
|
8.4
|
Aspirin/NSAIDs/ NA-NSAIDs
|
PR, RT, EST
|
I–IIIab
|
1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 18–29
|
7
|
|
Choe, 2012 [43]
|
USA
|
Cohort
|
5,955
|
193
|
64.0
|
5.8
|
Aspirin
|
RP, RT
|
I–IV
|
1, 2, 9, 10, 29–31
|
8
|
|
Stock, 2008 [44]
|
Canada
|
Case–control
|
1,619
|
453
|
67.2
|
NR
|
NSAIDs
|
RP, RT
|
I–IV
|
1, 2, 9, 21
|
7
|
|
Ratnasinghe, 2004 [45]
|
USA
|
Cohort
|
NR
|
121
|
25–74
|
NR
|
Aspirin
|
NR
|
NR
|
1, 4, 19, 21, 32–33
|
6
|
|
Lipworth, 2004 [46]
|
Denmark
|
Cohort
|
NR
|
296
|
48.4
|
4.3
|
NA-NSAIDs
|
NR
|
NR
|
1, 33
|
5
|
- Confounders for adjustment: 1, age; 2, tumor grade; 3, tumor size; 4, smoking status; 5, co-morbidity score; 6, year of incidence; 7, pre-diagnostic statin exposure 8, receipt of radiation; 9, prostate-specific antigen level; 10, Gleason score; 11, presence and type of metastases; 12, performance status; 13, androgen deprivation therapy initiated within six months after diagnosis; 14, year of cancer diagnosis; 15, chemotherapy within six months of diagnosis; 16, estrogen therapy during exposure period; 17, comorbidities; 18, family history; 19, race; 20, height; 21, body mass index; 22, vigorous physical activity; 23, vitamin D; 24, fish; 25, red meat; 26, cholesterol-lowering drugs; 27, total kcal; 28, aspirin use before diagnosis; 29, initial treatment; 30, aspirin use; 31, non-aspirin anticoagulant use; 32, poverty index; 33, education; 33, number of prescriptions. ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; EST, estrogen therapy; NA-NSAIDs, non-aspirin NSAIDs; NR: not reported; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiation therapy; y, years.
