| Arm A: Tx20 | Arm B: Tx30 | Total |
---|---|---|---|
20 ml/kg | 30 ml/kg | ||
Variable | (Number = 82) | (Number = 78) | (Number = 160) |
Demographic and anthropometric characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
Age months median (IQR) | 36 (19 to 54) | 31 (11 to 48) | 36 (13 to 53) |
Female sex – n/ total n (%) | 41/82 (50) | 40/77 (52) | 81/159 (51) |
Mid-upper arm Circumference ≤11.5 cm – n/total n (%) | 1/80 (1) | 3/78 (4) | 4/158 (3) |
Weight kg - median (IQR) | 13 (9-16) | 11 (8-15) | 12 (9-15) |
Findings at presentation | Â | Â | Â |
Axillary temperature | Â | Â | Â |
 >37.5°C – n/total n (%) | 39/81 (48) | 37/78 (47) | 76/159 (48) |
 <36°C (Hypothermia) – n/total n (%) | 3/81 (4) | 4/78 (5) | 7/159 (4) |
Oxygen saturation <90% - n/total n (%) | 9/78 (12) | 9/78 (12) | 18/156 (12) |
Moderate hypotension - n (%) | 5 (6) | 6 (8) | 11 (7) |
Dehydration - n (%) | 6 (7) | 6 (8) | 12 (8) |
Severe pallor (lips, gums, or inner eyelids) - n (%) | 81 (99) | 76 (97) | 157 (98) |
Consciousness level – n (%) |  |  |  |
 Total n | 81 | 78 | 159 |
 Alert | 51 (63) | 56 (72) | 107 (67) |
 Prostration | 29 (36) | 20 (26) | 49 (31) |
 Coma | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 3 (2) |
Convulsions during this illness - n (%) | 6 (7) | 13 (17) | 19 (12) |
Hemoglobinuria (dark urine) - n (%) | 29 (35) | 26 (33) | 55 (34) |
Jaundice visible to clinician - n (%) | 43 (52) | 44 (56) | 87 (54) |
Respiratory rate breaths/minute | Â | Â | Â |
 mean ± sd | 47 ± 15 | 47 ± 13 | 47 ± 14 |
 respiratory distress – n (%) | 41 (50) | 43 (55) | 84 (53) |
Heart rate beats/minute | Â | Â | Â |
 median (IQR) | 153 (136 to 173) | 156 (142 to 168) | 155 (139 to 170) |
 Bradycardia (<80) - n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1(1) |
 Severe tachycardia - n (%)a | 30 (37) | 26 (33) | 56 (35) |
Hepatomegaly – n/total n (%) | 32/82 (39) | 25/77 (32) | 57/159 (36) |
Laboratory assessment | Â | Â | Â |
Hemoglobin - n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Median (IQR) | 4.2 (3.0 to 4.8) | 4.3 (3.3 to 4.9) | 4.2 (3.1 to 4.9) |
 <4 g/dl | 37 (45) | 36 (46) | 73 (46) |
Glucose – n/ total n (%) |  |  |  |
 <2.5 mmol/liter (45 mg/dl) | 2/82 (2) | 0/75 (0) | 2/157 (1) |
 <3.0 mmol/liter (54 mg/dl) | 2/82 (2) | 0/75 (0) | 2/157 (1) |
Lactate ≥5 mmol/liter – n/total n (%) | 23/82 (28) | 26/76 (34) | 49/158 (31) |
Positive for HIV antibody - n/ total n (%) | 1/39 (3) | 0/38 (0) | 1/77 (1) |
Positive for malaria parasitemia - n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative on all tests done | 33 (40) | 32 (41) | 65(41) |
 RDT positive, slide negative/unknown | 13 (16) | 15 (19) | 28 (18) |
 RDT negative/unknown, slide positive | 4 (5) | 3 (4) | 7 (4) |
 RDT positive, slide positive | 32 (39) | 28 (36) | 60 (38) |
Genotypes | Â | Â | Â |
Sickle cell– n (%) |  |  |  |
 AA (normal) | 63 (77) | 57 (73) | 120 (75) |
 AS (sickle cell trait) | 2 (2) | 6 (8) | 8 (5) |
 SS (sickle cell anemia) | 17 (21) | 15 (19) | 32 (20) |
Alpha thalassemia – n (%) |  |  |  |
 Normal | 45 (60) | 48 (65) | 93 (62) |
 Heterozygote | 24 (32) | 24 (32) | 48 (32) |
 Homozygote | 6 (8) | 2 (3) | 8 (5) |
G6PD deficiency – n (%) |  |  |  |
 Normal | 56 (77) | 55 (79) | 111 (78) |
 Heterozygote/Hemizygoteb | 8 (11) | 7 (10) | 15 (10) |
 Homozygote | 9 (12) | 8 (11) | 17 (12) |