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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Phase II trial of standard versus increased transfusion volume in Ugandan children with acute severe anemia

 

Arm A: Tx20

Arm B: Tx30

Total

20 ml/kg

30 ml/kg

Variable

(Number = 82)

(Number = 78)

(Number = 160)

Demographic and anthropometric characteristics

   

Age months median (IQR)

36 (19 to 54)

31 (11 to 48)

36 (13 to 53)

Female sex – n/ total n (%)

41/82 (50)

40/77 (52)

81/159 (51)

Mid-upper arm Circumference ≤11.5 cm – n/total n (%)

1/80 (1)

3/78 (4)

4/158 (3)

Weight kg - median (IQR)

13 (9-16)

11 (8-15)

12 (9-15)

Findings at presentation

   

Axillary temperature

   

 >37.5°C – n/total n (%)

39/81 (48)

37/78 (47)

76/159 (48)

 <36°C (Hypothermia) – n/total n (%)

3/81 (4)

4/78 (5)

7/159 (4)

Oxygen saturation <90% - n/total n (%)

9/78 (12)

9/78 (12)

18/156 (12)

Moderate hypotension - n (%)

5 (6)

6 (8)

11 (7)

Dehydration - n (%)

6 (7)

6 (8)

12 (8)

Severe pallor (lips, gums, or inner eyelids) - n (%)

81 (99)

76 (97)

157 (98)

Consciousness level – n (%)

   

 Total n

81

78

159

 Alert

51 (63)

56 (72)

107 (67)

 Prostration

29 (36)

20 (26)

49 (31)

 Coma

1 (1)

2 (3)

3 (2)

Convulsions during this illness - n (%)

6 (7)

13 (17)

19 (12)

Hemoglobinuria (dark urine) - n (%)

29 (35)

26 (33)

55 (34)

Jaundice visible to clinician - n (%)

43 (52)

44 (56)

87 (54)

Respiratory rate breaths/minute

   

 mean ± sd

47 ± 15

47 ± 13

47 ± 14

 respiratory distress – n (%)

41 (50)

43 (55)

84 (53)

Heart rate beats/minute

   

 median (IQR)

153 (136 to 173)

156 (142 to 168)

155 (139 to 170)

 Bradycardia (<80) - n (%)

1 (1)

0 (0)

1(1)

 Severe tachycardia - n (%)a

30 (37)

26 (33)

56 (35)

Hepatomegaly – n/total n (%)

32/82 (39)

25/77 (32)

57/159 (36)

Laboratory assessment

   

Hemoglobin - n (%)

   

 Median (IQR)

4.2 (3.0 to 4.8)

4.3 (3.3 to 4.9)

4.2 (3.1 to 4.9)

 <4 g/dl

37 (45)

36 (46)

73 (46)

Glucose – n/ total n (%)

   

 <2.5 mmol/liter (45 mg/dl)

2/82 (2)

0/75 (0)

2/157 (1)

 <3.0 mmol/liter (54 mg/dl)

2/82 (2)

0/75 (0)

2/157 (1)

Lactate ≥5 mmol/liter – n/total n (%)

23/82 (28)

26/76 (34)

49/158 (31)

Positive for HIV antibody - n/ total n (%)

1/39 (3)

0/38 (0)

1/77 (1)

Positive for malaria parasitemia - n (%)

   

 Negative on all tests done

33 (40)

32 (41)

65(41)

 RDT positive, slide negative/unknown

13 (16)

15 (19)

28 (18)

 RDT negative/unknown, slide positive

4 (5)

3 (4)

7 (4)

 RDT positive, slide positive

32 (39)

28 (36)

60 (38)

Genotypes

   

Sickle cell– n (%)

   

 AA (normal)

63 (77)

57 (73)

120 (75)

 AS (sickle cell trait)

2 (2)

6 (8)

8 (5)

 SS (sickle cell anemia)

17 (21)

15 (19)

32 (20)

Alpha thalassemia – n (%)

   

 Normal

45 (60)

48 (65)

93 (62)

 Heterozygote

24 (32)

24 (32)

48 (32)

 Homozygote

6 (8)

2 (3)

8 (5)

G6PD deficiency – n (%)

   

 Normal

56 (77)

55 (79)

111 (78)

 Heterozygote/Hemizygoteb

8 (11)

7 (10)

15 (10)

 Homozygote

9 (12)

8 (11)

17 (12)

  1. Note: denominators are all children randomized unless otherwise shown; adefined as heart rate (HR) >180 for <1 year old, HR >160 for <5 years old, HR >140 for more than 5 years old; bfemale heterozygote/male hemizygote. IQR, interquartile range; n, number; RDT, rapid diagnostic test; sd, standard deviation.