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Table 4 Bivariate relationships between participant demographics, individual ACEs and ACE count

From: National household survey of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with resilience to health-harming behaviors in England

 

Individual ACEs

ACE count

Parental separation

Childhood abuse

Household member

0

1

2 to 3

4+

Verbal

Physical

Sexual

Mental illness

Domestic violence

Alcohol abuse

Incarceration

Drug abuse

 

Prevalence, %

22.6

17.3

14.3

6.2

12.1

12.1

9.1

4.1

3.9

53.6

22.7

15.4

8.3

Age, years

             

 18 to 29

34.6

17.4

11.4

4.8

13.1

10.2

10.1

6.7

6.1

47.2

25.0

19.1

8.6

 30 to3 9

25.1

18.9

14.6

6.0

12.7

14.0

11.3

5.8

6.3

52.8

21.8

14.2

11.1

 40 to 49

25.9

19.5

15.6

7.2

13.0

14.2

10.4

3.6

3.9

51.1

23.6

14.6

10.7

 50 to 59

16.6

17.3

16.7

7.4

11.6

12.6

8.3

2.7

2.1

58.2

19.3

14.2

8.3

 60 to 69

10.1

13.4

13.7

5.6

10.1

9.7

5.3

1.2

1.0

59.5

23.1

14.4

3.0

 χ²

161.302

12.498

10.329

6.548

4.889

13.253

21.283

41.206

46.586

71.239

 P

<0.001

0.014

0.035

0.162

0.299

0.010

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Sex

             

 Male

21.4

15.8

14.9

4.5

10.0

11.5

7.9

3.7

3.8

54.3

23.8

15.0

6.9

 Female

23.6

18.5

13.9

7.5

13.8

12.6

10.0

4.4

4.0

53.1

21.8

15.6

9.5

 χ²

2.802

5.116

0.888

14.729

13.093

1.097

4.994

1.355

0.097

9.628

 P

0.094

0.024

0.346

<0.001

<0.001

0.295

0.025

0.244

0.755

0.022

Deprivation quintile a

            

1

16.8

12.7

10.4

5.1

10.6

8.3

5.2

1.4

1.8

59.1

24.9

11.6

4.3

2

21.8

17.2

13.6

5.3

11.5

12.8

9.1

3.3

3.4

52.5

25.1

14.8

7.7

3

22.5

15.5

14.2

5.2

12.9

11.2

8.4

3.0

3.1

54.2

23.1

15.9

6.8

4

24.3

18.4

14.9

7.6

11.3

12.3

10.1

5.8

5.4

53.8

18.9

17.3

10.0

(most deprived) 5

27.7

22.6

18.5

7.4

14.1

15.8

12.5

6.7

5.8

48.8

21.5

17.1

12.7

 χ²

28.715

29.779

21.916

8.875

6.075

21.608

27.001

37.976

23.569

66.372

 P

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.064

0.194

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Ethnicity

             

 White

23.9

17.7

13.9

6.4

12.6

11.9

9.5

3.9

3.9

52.1

23.9

15.7

8.3

 Asian

5.5

10.4

12.7

3.2

7.1

11.7

5.8

2.9

2.9

70.1

14.6

10.1

5.2

 Other

26.5

20.2

22.9

7.2

11.2

15.2

8.1

8.1

5.8

54.7

14.8

18.4

12.1

 χ²

56.670

12.028

14.390

5.136

8.109

2.221

4.738

10.425

2.959

49.138

 P

<0.001

0.002

0.001

0.077

0.017

0.329

0.094

0.005

0.228

<0.001

Adjusted ACE prevalence b

24.3

18.2

14.8

6.3

12.0

13.1

9.7

4.3

4.1

52.1

22.8

16.1

9.0

  1. Abbreviations: ACE adverse childhood experience.
  2. aFrom 1 (least deprived) to 5 (most deprived).
  3. bAdjusted to English national population by age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation quintile of residence. Sources for population data: Office for National Statistics Lower Super Output Area population estimates mid-2012, [21] and 2011 Census [22].
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