Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial

Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna; Rimm, Eric B; Medina-Remón, Alexander; Martínez-González, Miguel A; López-Sabater, M Carmen; Covas, María I; Corella, Dolores; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Gómez-Gracia, Enrique; Lapetra, José; Arós, Fernando; Fiol, Miquel; Ros, Emili; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Pintó, Xavier; Muñoz, Miguel A; Gea, Alfredo; Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Valentina; Estruch, Ramón; Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M

doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-77

Table 4 Relationship between mortality and intake of the main polyphenol groups (in quintiles)

From: Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial

Main groups	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P-trend
Flavonoids (mg/d)	273	362	431	512	670
No. of deaths	76	73	42	69	67
No. of person-years	4,890	6,599	6,755	6,867	5,957
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)^*	1.00	0.76 (0.52 to 1.10)^*	0.54 (0.36 to 0.81)	0.72 (0.49 to 1.05)	0.70 (0.47 to 1.05)	0.23
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^†	1.00	0.92 (0.62 to 1.34)	0.69 (0.45 to 1.07)	0.92 (0.62 to 1.36)	0.83 (0.55 to 1.27)	0.70
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)^‡	1.00	0.96 (0.65 to 1.41)	0.75 (0.48 to 1.16)	0.99 (0.66 to 1.47)	0.89 (0.58 to 1.36)	0.95
Phenolic acids (mg/d)	159	229	279	345	453
No. of deaths	80	58	62	69	58
No. of person-years	5,928	6,662	6,716	6,615	5,147
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)^*	1.00	0.95 (0.65 to 1.39)	0.78 (0.53 to 1.16)	1.01 (0.70 to 1.47)	0.95 (0.63 to 1.42)	0.64
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^†	1.00	0.94 (0.64 to 1.39)	0.82 (0.55 to 1.23)	1.07 (0.72 to 1.58)	0.79 (0.51 to 1.22)	0.25
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)^‡	1.00	0.89 (0.60 to 1.31)	0.77 (0.52 to 1.16)	1.01 (0.68 to 1.50)	0.75 (0.49 to 1.16)	0.20
Stilbenes (mg/d)	0	0.48	1.04	2.04	5.75
No. of deaths	69	64	47	74	73
No. of person-years	5,191	6,547	6,840	6,527	5,963
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)^*	1.00	0.71 (0.47 to 1.05)	0.66 (0.44 to 0.98)	0.81 (0.56 to 1.18)	0.73 (0.56 to 1.18)	0.44
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^†	1.00	0.61 (0.33 to 1.11)	0.53 (0.28 to 0.99)	0.68 (0.38 to 1.22)	0.42 (0.22 to 0.81)	0.04
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)^‡	1.00	0.69 (0.38 to 1.27)	0.62 (0.33 to 1.16)	0.78 (0.43 to 1.40)	0.48 (0.25 to 0.91)	0.04
Lignans (mg/d)	0.44	0.57	0.67	0.77	0.94
No. of deaths	76	72	57	55	67
No. of person-years	4,457	6,002	6,737	7,146	6,726
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)^*	1.00	0.66 (0.46 to 0.96)	0.58 (0.39 to 0.85)	0.58 (0.39 to 0.87)	0.54 (0.35 to 0.82)	0.002
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^†	1.00	0.65 (0.44 to 0.99)	0.56 (0.38 to 0.84)	0.56 (0.36 to 0.84)	0.51 (0.32 to 0.79)	0.001
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)^‡	1.00	0.68 (0.46 to 1.00)	0.60 (0.40 to 0.92)	0.62 (0.39 to 0.98)	0.60 (0.37 to 0.97)	0.03
Others (mg/d)	37	53	66	82	113
No. of deaths	77	65	72	60	53
No. of person-years	4,604	6,442	7,320	6,777	5,925
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)^*	1.00	0.76 (0.52 to 1.11)	0.78 (0.54 to 1.13)	0.68 (0.46 to 1.01)	0.64 (0.42 to 0.96)	0.04
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)^†	1.00	0.76 (0.51 to 1.13)	0.80 (0.54 to 1.18)	0.67 (0.45 to 1.02)	0.61 (0.40 to 0.93)	0.03
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)^‡	1.00	0.82 (0.55 to 1.22)	0.86 (0.58 to 1.27)	0.76 (0.50 to 1.16)	0.70 (0.46 to 1.09)	0.13

HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, confidence interval.
^*Analyses were stratified by sex, recruitment center and intervention group.
^†The multivariable HR has been additionally adjusted for age (<60, 60 to 64.9, 65 to 69.9, 70 to 74.9, >/=75 years), smoking (never, past and current: cigarettes (<5, 5 to 19, >20 per day) or cigars and pipes (<3, 3 to 6, >6 per day)), BMI (<25, 25 to 29.9, or >/=30 Kg/m²), baseline diabetes, alcohol (0, 0.1 to 14.9, 15 to 29.9, >/=30 g/day), total energy intake (continuous variable), physical activity (continuous variable), family history of CVD or cancer, aspirin use, antihypertensive drug use, use of cardiovascular medication, use of oral hypoglycaemic agents, insulin, other medication.
^‡This model has been additionally adjusted for intake of protein, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol (all as continuous variables).

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ISSN: 1741-7015

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