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Table 4 Relationship between mortality and intake of the main polyphenol groups (in quintiles)

From: Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial

Main groups Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 P-trend
Flavonoids (mg/d) 273 362 431 512 670  
No. of deaths 76 73 42 69 67  
No. of person-years 4,890 6,599 6,755 6,867 5,957  
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)* 1.00 0.76 (0.52 to 1.10)* 0.54 (0.36 to 0.81) 0.72 (0.49 to 1.05) 0.70 (0.47 to 1.05) 0.23
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)† 1.00 0.92 (0.62 to 1.34) 0.69 (0.45 to 1.07) 0.92 (0.62 to 1.36) 0.83 (0.55 to 1.27) 0.70
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ 1.00 0.96 (0.65 to 1.41) 0.75 (0.48 to 1.16) 0.99 (0.66 to 1.47) 0.89 (0.58 to 1.36) 0.95
Phenolic acids (mg/d) 159 229 279 345 453  
No. of deaths 80 58 62 69 58  
No. of person-years 5,928 6,662 6,716 6,615 5,147  
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)* 1.00 0.95 (0.65 to 1.39) 0.78 (0.53 to 1.16) 1.01 (0.70 to 1.47) 0.95 (0.63 to 1.42) 0.64
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)† 1.00 0.94 (0.64 to 1.39) 0.82 (0.55 to 1.23) 1.07 (0.72 to 1.58) 0.79 (0.51 to 1.22) 0.25
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ 1.00 0.89 (0.60 to 1.31) 0.77 (0.52 to 1.16) 1.01 (0.68 to 1.50) 0.75 (0.49 to 1.16) 0.20
Stilbenes (mg/d) 0 0.48 1.04 2.04 5.75  
No. of deaths 69 64 47 74 73  
No. of person-years 5,191 6,547 6,840 6,527 5,963  
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)* 1.00 0.71 (0.47 to 1.05) 0.66 (0.44 to 0.98) 0.81 (0.56 to 1.18) 0.73 (0.56 to 1.18) 0.44
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)† 1.00 0.61 (0.33 to 1.11) 0.53 (0.28 to 0.99) 0.68 (0.38 to 1.22) 0.42 (0.22 to 0.81) 0.04
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ 1.00 0.69 (0.38 to 1.27) 0.62 (0.33 to 1.16) 0.78 (0.43 to 1.40) 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91) 0.04
Lignans (mg/d) 0.44 0.57 0.67 0.77 0.94  
No. of deaths 76 72 57 55 67  
No. of person-years 4,457 6,002 6,737 7,146 6,726  
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)* 1.00 0.66 (0.46 to 0.96) 0.58 (0.39 to 0.85) 0.58 (0.39 to 0.87) 0.54 (0.35 to 0.82) 0.002
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)† 1.00 0.65 (0.44 to 0.99) 0.56 (0.38 to 0.84) 0.56 (0.36 to 0.84) 0.51 (0.32 to 0.79) 0.001
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ 1.00 0.68 (0.46 to 1.00) 0.60 (0.40 to 0.92) 0.62 (0.39 to 0.98) 0.60 (0.37 to 0.97) 0.03
Others (mg/d) 37 53 66 82 113  
No. of deaths 77 65 72 60 53  
No. of person-years 4,604 6,442 7,320 6,777 5,925  
Age- and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)* 1.00 0.76 (0.52 to 1.11) 0.78 (0.54 to 1.13) 0.68 (0.46 to 1.01) 0.64 (0.42 to 0.96) 0.04
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)† 1.00 0.76 (0.51 to 1.13) 0.80 (0.54 to 1.18) 0.67 (0.45 to 1.02) 0.61 (0.40 to 0.93) 0.03
Additionally adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ 1.00 0.82 (0.55 to 1.22) 0.86 (0.58 to 1.27) 0.76 (0.50 to 1.16) 0.70 (0.46 to 1.09) 0.13
  1. HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. *Analyses were stratified by sex, recruitment center and intervention group.
  3. †The multivariable HR has been additionally adjusted for age (<60, 60 to 64.9, 65 to 69.9, 70 to 74.9, >/=75 years), smoking (never, past and current: cigarettes (<5, 5 to 19, >20 per day) or cigars and pipes (<3, 3 to 6, >6 per day)), BMI (<25, 25 to 29.9, or >/=30 Kg/m2), baseline diabetes, alcohol (0, 0.1 to 14.9, 15 to 29.9, >/=30 g/day), total energy intake (continuous variable), physical activity (continuous variable), family history of CVD or cancer, aspirin use, antihypertensive drug use, use of cardiovascular medication, use of oral hypoglycaemic agents, insulin, other medication.
  4. ‡This model has been additionally adjusted for intake of protein, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol (all as continuous variables).
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BMC Medicine

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