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Table 1 Characteristics of studies reporting on the use of acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy.
| First Author | Patients | Diabetes | Elective Procedure | Primary Outcome | Acetylcysteine Protocol* | Hydration Protocol | Contrast Media | Contrast Media Volume (mL)** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAC | Control | ||||||||
| Allaqaband, 2002 25 | 85 | 41 (48%) | Unclear | > 44.2 μmol/L increase SCr at 48 hrs | 600 mg PO bid pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Ioversol or Iodixanol | 121.6 | 122 |
| Baker, 2003 26 | 80 | 34 (43%) | Unclear | > 25% increase SCr at 48 or 96 hrs | 150 mg/kg IV 30 min pre & 50 mg/kg IV infusion 4 hrs post | Control 0.9%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Iodixanol | 238 | 222 |
| Briguori, 2002 27 | 183 | 69 (38%) | Yes | > 25% increase SCr at 48 hrs or dialysis | 600 mg PO bid pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Iopromide | 194 | 200 |
| Diaz-Sandoval, 2002 28 | 54 | 21 (39%) | Yes | > 44.2 μmol/L or 25% SCr increase at 48 hrs | 600 mg PO bid pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 2–12 hr pre & 12 hr post | Ioxilan | 179 | 189 |
| Durham, 2002 29 | 79 | 38 (48%) | No | > 44.2 μmol/L increase SCr at 48 hrs | 1200 mg PO 1 hr pre and 3 hr post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Iohexol | 77.4 | 84.7 |
| Efrati, 2003 30 | 49 | 26 (53%) | Yes | >25% increase SCr at 24 or 96 hrs | 1000 mg PO bid day pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/12 post | Iopromide | 142 | 138 |
| Fung, 2004 31 | 91 | 48 (53%) | Yes | >44.2 μmol/L or 25% decrease in GFR | 400 mg PO tid day prior/post | 0.9%NS 100 ml/hr 12 hr pre/12 post | Iopromide | 135.8 | 121 |
| Goldenberg, 2004 32 | 80 | 43 (54%) | No | >44.2 μmol/L | 600 mg PO bid day prior/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/12 post | Iopamidol | 111 | 138 |
| Kay, 2003 33 | 200 | 75 (38%) | Yes | > 25% increase SCr at 48 hrs | 600 mg PO bid × 4 (3 pre) | 0.9%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre & 6 hr post | Iopamidol | 130 | 120 |
| Kefer, 2003 34 | 104 | 13 (13%) | Unclear | > 44.2 μmol/L increase SCr at 24 hrs | 1200 mg IV 12 hr pre & immediately post | D5W 20 mL/hr 12 hr pre & 24 hr post | Iopromide or Iohexol | NR | NR |
| MacNeill, 2003 35 | 43 | 20 (46%) | Yes | > 25% increase SCr at 72 hrs | 600 mg PO × 5 (2 pre) | Inpatient: 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre Outpatient: 0.45%NS 2 mL/kg/hr 4 hr pre & both 12 hr post | Iopromide or Ioxilan | 103 | 116 |
| Oldemeyer, 2003 36 | 96 | 43 (45%) | Yes | > 44.2 μmol/L or 25% SCr increase at 48 hrs | 1500 mg bid × 4 (1 pre) | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Iopamidol | 134 | 127 |
| Shyu, 2002 37 | 121 | 77 (64%) | Yes | > 44.2 μmol/L increase SCr at 48 hrs | 400 mg PO bid pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 12 hr pre/post | Iopamidol | 119 | 115 |
| Vallero, 2002 38 | 100 | 23 (23%) | Unclear | > 44.2 μmol/L or 33% increase SCr at 48 hrs | 600 mg PO bid pre/post | 0.45%NS 1 mL/kg/hr 1–2 hr pre & 24 hr post | Iodixanol | 187.8 | 219 |
