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Table 3 Study outcomes

From: How effective is tetracaine 4% gel, before a peripherally inserted central catheter, in reducing procedural pain in infants: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial [ISRCTN75884221]

Outcome

n

Placebo

n

Tetracaine

Difference (95%CI)

p-value

PIPP, 1st minute, mean (sd)

23

11.74 (4.73)

26

10.88 (4.70)

0.86 (-1.86, 3.58)

0.530

PIPP, 2nd minute, mean (sd)

23

10.83 (4.59)

25

9.56 (4.34)

1.27 (-1.33, 3.87)

0.331

PIPP, 3rd minute, mean (sd)

22

10.23 (4.65)

25

9.16 (4.32)

1.07 (-1.57, 3.71)

0.419

PIPP, 4th minute, mean (sd)

23

9.65 (3.74)

25

9.20 (4.78)

0.45 (-2.06, 2.96)

0.718

Duration of cry in seconds, median (range)

8

68 (0, 477)

7

181 (0, 944)

-78 (-539, 117)

0.771

Ease of insertion, median (range)

26

2 (1, 5)

26

2 (1, 5)

0 (-1, 0)

0.613

Number of attempts, median (range)

26

2 (1, 3)

26

1 (1, 4)

0 (0, 1)

1.000

PICC successfully inserted, n (%)

26

24 (93.3)

26

19 (73.1)

19.2 (-1.9, 39.2)

0.140