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Table 2 Univariate associations between molecular markers and advanced prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis. Advanced cancer was defined as skeletal metastases or clinical stage ≥ T3. Predictive accuracy of each marker is given as AUC. To facilitate comparisons between markers, the odds ratios are for an increase of one-quarter of a standard deviation.

From: Prostate-specific antigen at or before age 50 as a predictor of advanced prostate cancer diagnosed up to 25 years later: A case-control study

Marker

Odds ratio

95% CI

AUC

Total PSA

3.19

2.38, 4.27

0.791

Free PSA

3.06

2.30, 4.08

0.776

Complexed PSA

3.11

2.33, 4.16

0.793

Percent free to total PSA

0.85

0.80, 0.90

0.641

Human kallikrein 2

1.25

1.13, 1.38

0.604