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Table 4 Safety summary: number of subjects with European Medicines Evaluation Agency -specified reactions after each intradermal and intramuscular vaccination according to vaccine history during the study

From: Intradermal influenza vaccination of healthy adults using a new microinjection system: a 3-year randomised controlled safety and immunogenicity trial

 

Year 1

 

3 μg ID (N= 384)

6 μg ID (N= 383)

15 μg IM (N= 382)

≥ 1 EMEA reaction, n (%)

38 (9.9)

39 (10.2)

50 (13.1)

Injection site induration*

0

0

1 (0.3)

Injection site ecchymosis (bruising)

2 (0.5)

1 (0.3)

7 (1.8)

Fever

4 (1.0)

5 (1.3)

6 (1.6)

Malaise

12 (3.1)

17 (4.4)

19 (5.0)

Shivering (rigors)

26 (6.8)

26 (6.8)

21 (5.5)

 

Year 2 (vaccine history and group)

 

ID/ID (N = 363)

IM/ID (N = 181)

ID total ( N = 544)

ID/IM (N = 363)

IM/IM (N = 184)

IM total ( N = 547)

≥ 1 EMEA reaction, n (%)

41 (11.3)

20 (11.0)

61 (11.2)

39 (10.7)

28 (15.2)

67 (12.2)

Injection site induration*

0

0

0

0

0

0

Injection site ecchymosis (bruising)

5 (1.4)

2 (1.1)

7 (1.3)

7 (1.9)

3 (1.6)

10 (1.8)

Fever

3 (0.8)

2 (1.1)

5 (0.9)

3 (0.8)

0

3 (0.5)

Malaise

19 (5.2)

8 (4.4)

27 (5.0)

17 (4.7)

15 (8.2)

32 (5.9)

Shivering (rigors)

27 (7.4)

9 (5.0)

36 (6.6)

23 (6.3)

18 (9.8)

41 (7.5)

 

Year 3 (vaccine history and group)

 

ID/ID/ID (N = 137)

IM/ID/ID (N = 71)

ID/IM/ID (N = 138)

IM/IM/ID(N = 72)

ID total ( N = 418)

ID/ID/IM (N = 132)

IM/ID/IM (N = 72)

ID/IM/IM (N = 134)

IM/IM/IM (N = 72)

IM total ( N = 410)

≥ 1 EMEA reaction, n (%)

13 (9.5)

11 (15.5)

19 (13.8)

11 (15.3)

54 (12.9)

18 (13.6)

6 (8.3)

13 (9.7)

10 (13.9)

47 (11.5)

Injection site induration*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Injection site ecchymosis (bruising)

4 (2.9)

3 (4.2)

2 (1.4)

4 (5.6)

13 (3.1)

3 (2.3)

1 (1.4)

3 (2.2)

4 (5.6)

11 (2.7)

Fever

3 (2.2)

1 (1.4)

3 (2.2)

0

7 (1.7)

1 (0.8)

0

0

1 (1.4)

2 (0.5)

Malaise

3 (2.2)

5 (7.0)

6 (4.3)

2 (2.8)

16 (3.8)

9 (6.8)

1 (1.4)

6 (4.5)

4 (5.6)

20 (4.9)

Shivering (rigors)

8 (5.8)

4 (5.6)

12 (8.7)

7 (9.7)

31 (7.4)

11 (8.3)

4 (5.6)

6 (4.5)

5 (6.9)

26 (6.3)

  1. Data are from the safety population. EMEA, European Medicines Evaluation Agency; ID, intradermal; IM, intramuscular; n, number of subjects reporting the event; N, number of subjects in the subgroup.
  2. *>5 cm for more than 3 days; axillary temperature >37.5°C for ≥ 24 hours.