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Table 2 Details of outbreaks.

From: Patient to patient transmission of hepatitis B virus: a systematic review of reports on outbreaks between 1992 and 2007

   

Median value

(range)

 

Median value (range)

 

Median value (range)

 

Outbreak characteristics

 

Number of outbreaks

Duration of outbreaks (months)

p

Cases

(number)

p

Fatality rate

(%)

p

Location

EU

16

11 (1–145)

0.3849a

5 (1–86)

0.4815a

0

(0–100)

0.4705a

 

USA

17

5 (2–40)

 

9 (1–38)

 

0

(0–16.7)

 

Clinical condition

Neoplasia

4

10 (3–25)

0.5059a

6 (2–11)

0.4391a

40.9

(0–100)

0.0215 a

 

Other

29

5(1–145)

 

8 (1–86)

 

0

(0–40.0)

 

Transmission pathways

Multi-vials

10

3.5 (1–14)

 

6.5 (2–29)

 

0

(0–81.8)

 
 

Capillary blood sampling.

9

9 (2–16)

 

11 (3–27)

 

0

(0–40.0)

 
 

Standard†

3

24 (4–40)

 

31 (14–38)

 

0(-)

 
 

Transvenous biopsy

3

124 (54–145)

0.0303 b

63 (20–86)

0.0012 b

0(-)

0.6384b

 

Blood product

2

13.5 (2–25)

 

3 (1–5)

 

0(-)

 
 

Undefined

6

4.5 (2–17)

 

2.5 (1–6)

 

0

(0–100)

 

Setting

Dialysis

10

3.5 (2–17)

 

4 (1–14)

 

0 (-)

 
 

Others

23

9 (1–145)

0.0248 a

11 (1–86)

0.0240 a

0

(0–100)

0.1165a

 

Total

33

6 (1–145)

-

7 (1–86)

-

0(0–100)

-

  1. aMann-Whitney U test.
  2. bKruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks.
  3. † Multiple deficiencies in standard precautions; standard precautions as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [10].