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Table 10 Pancreatic cancer; meta-analysis results

From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America

    

Heterogeneity

Type of ST (region)a

Adjustments/restrictionsb

Number of estimates (RR/OR ids)c

Random-effects RR/OR (95% CI)

χ2

I2

P(χ2)

Any

Overall data

7 (1, 5, 7, 11, 17, 18, 23)

1.00 (0.68–1.47)

18.5

67.5

0.005

 

Smoking-adjusted

7 (1, 5, 7, 11, 16, 18, 23)

1.07 (0.71–1.60)

21.2

71.7

0.002

 

Never smokers

5 (6, 10, 16, 18, 24)

1.23 (0.66–2.31)

10.7

62.7

0.030

Any (USA)

Overall data

5 (1, 11, 17, 18, 23)

0.86 (0.47–1.57)

10.2

61.0

0.037

 

Smoking-adjusted

5 (1, 11, 16, 18, 23)

0.99 (0.51–1.91)

13.8

71.0

0.008

 

Never smokers

3 (16, 18, 24)

1.09 (0.44–2.67)

5.4

63.0

0.067

Snuff (Scandinavia)

Overall data

2 (5, 7)

1.20 (0.66–2.20)

6.3

84.1

0.012

 

Smoking-adjusted

2 (5, 7)

1.20 (0.66–2.20)

6.3

84.1

0.012

 

Never smokers

2 (6, 10)

1.61 (0.77–3.34)

1.5

33.2

0.221

  1. a For each study/sex, the RR/OR for ST from Table 9 was included if available, otherwise that for chewing tobacco or snuff was used.
  2. b Smoking-adjusted includes estimates for smokers and non-smokers combined, adjusted for smoking if available, and estimates for never smokers otherwise.
  3. c The actual estimates included are identified by their RR/OR identification numbers as given in Table 9.
  4. CI = confidence interval; ST = smokeless tobacco; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative risk.