Table 2 Case-control studies of smokeless tobacco and cancer
From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America
Study | Country | Study perioda | Controlsa | Sexb | Exposures studiedc | Cancers studied (cases)d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Broders 1920 [37] | USA | NA | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (537) |
Doll and Hill 1952 [38] | UK | 1948–1952 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff | Lung (1,209) |
Moore et al. 1953 [39] | USA | 1951–1952 | Hospital | M | ST | Oral (112), face (93) |
Wynder et al. 1957 [40] | Sweden | 1952–1955 | Hospital | M | Chew | Oral (166), oesophagus (39), larynx (60) |
Wynder and Bross 1957 [41] | USA | NA | Hospital | M | Chew | Oral (543) |
Peacock et al. 1960 [42] | USA | 1952–1958 | Hospital | M+F | ST | Oral (45) |
Lockwood 1961 [43] | Denmark | 1942–1956 | Population | M+F | ST | Bladder (282) |
Wynder and Bross 1961 [44] | USA | 1956–1959 | Hospital | M | Chew | Oesophagus (150) |
Vogler et al. 1962 [36] | USA | 1956–1957 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff | Oral (228) |
Vincent and Marchetta 1963 [45] | USA | NA | Hospital | M | Snuff | Oral (66), larynx (23) |
Wynder et al. 1963 [46] | USA | 1957–1960 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Bladder (300) |
Bennington and Laubscher 1968 [47] | USA | 1951–1956 | Hospital | M | Chew | Kidney (88) |
Dunham et al. 1968 [48] | USA | 1958–1964 | Hospital | M+F | ST | Bladder (493) |
Martinez 1969 [49] | Puerto Rico | 1966 | Hospital, population | M+F | Chew | Oral (221), oesophagus (179) |
Keller 1970 [50] | USA | 1958–1962 | Hospital | M | ST | Oral (314) |
Cole et al. 1971 [51] | USA | 1967–1968 | Population | M+F | Chew, snuff | Bladder (470) |
Bjelke et al. 1974 [52] | USA | NA | NA | NA | Chew | Colorectal (373), oesophagus (52), stomach (83) |
| Â | Norway | NA | NA | NA | Chew | Colorectal (278), stomach (228) |
Armstrong et al. 1976 [53] | UK | 1972–1974 | Hospital | M | ST | Kidney (96) |
Browne et al. 1977 [54] | UK | 1957–1971 | Population | M+F | Chew | Oral (75) |
Williams and Horm 1977 [55] | USA | 1969–1971 | Hospital | M+F | ST | Many types (7,518)e |
Wynder and Stellman 1977 [56] | USA | 1969–1975 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (593), bladder (589), larynx (387), lung (1,051), oesophagus (183) |
Engzell et al. 1978 [57] | Sweden | 1961–1971 | Population | M | Snuff | Nose (36) |
Howe et al. 1980 [58] | Canada | 1974–1976 | Population | M | Chew | Bladder (480) |
Westbrook et al. 1980 [59] | USA | 1955–1975 | Hospital | F | Snuff | Oral (55) |
Pottern et al. 1981 [60] | USA | 1975–1977 | Decedent | M | Chew, snuff | Oesophagus (120) |
Winn et al. 1981 [61] | USA | 1975–1978 | Hospital | F | Snuff | Oral (255) |
Mommsen and Aagaard 1983 [62] | Denmark | 1977–1980 | Population | M | Chew | Bladder (165) |
Wynder et al. 1983 [63] | USA | 1977–1980 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (414) |
Brinton et al. 1984 [64] | USA | 1970–1980 | Hospital, decedent | M+F | Chew, snuff, ST | Nose (160) |
McLaughlin et al. 1984 [65] | USA | 1974–1979 | Population | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Kidney (313) |
Hartge et al. 1985 [66] | USA | 1977–1978 | Population | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Bladder (2,240) |
Weinberg et al. 1985 [67] | USA | 1978–1980 | Decedent, population | M | Chew | Stomach (178) |
Goodman et al. 1986 [68] | USA | 1977–1983 | Hospital | M+F | Chew | Kidney (267) |
Kabat et al. 1986 [69] | USA | 1976–1983 | Hospital | F | Snuff | Bladder (152) |
Stockwell and Lyman 1986 [70] | USA | 1982 | Population | M+F | ST | Oral (1,462), nose (92), larynx (161) |
Young et al. 1986 [71] | USA | 4 yr period | Hospital | M+F | ST | Oral (317), larynx (179) |
Lindquist et al. 1987 [72] | Sweden | 1980–1983 | Population | M | Snuff | Leukaemia (76) |
Asal et al. 1988 [73] | USA | 1981–1984 | Hospital, population | M | Snuff | Kidney (209) |
Blot et al. 1988 [74] | USA | 1984–1985 | Population | M+F | ST | Oral (1,114) |
Falk et al. 1988 [75] | USA | 1979–1983 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff | Pancreas (363) |
Morris Brown et al. 1988 [76] | USA | 1982–1984 | Population | M | ST | Oesophagus (207) |
Slattery et al. 1988 [77] | USA | 1977–1983 | Population | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Bladder (332) |
Spitz et al. 1988 [78] | USA | 1985–1987 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (185)f |
Burch et al. 1989 [79] | Canada | 1979–1982 | Population | M | Chew, snuff | Bladder (627) |
Franco et al. 1989 [80] | Brazil | 1986–1988 | Hospital | M+F | ST | Oral (232) |
Zahm et al. 1989 [81] | USA | 1976–1982 | Population | M | ST | Soft tissue sarcoma (133) |
Farrow et al. 1990 [82] | USA | 1982–1986 | Population | M | Chew | Pancreas (148) |
Blomqvist et al. 1991 [83] | Sweden | NA | Hospital | M+F | Snuff | Oral (61) |
Ghadirian et al. 1991 [84] | Canada | 1984–1988 | Population | M+F | Chew | Pancreas (179) |
Maden et al. 1992 [85] | USA | 1985–1989 | Population | M | ST | Oral (131) |
Marshall et al. 1992 [86] | USA | 1975–1983 | Population | M+F | Chew | Oral (290) |
Morris Brown et al. 1992 [87] | USA | 1981–984 | Population | M | ST | Leukaemia (578) |
Morris Brown et al. 1992 [88] | USA | 1981–1984 | Population | M | ST | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (622) |
Sterling et al. 1992 [89] | USA | 1986 | Population | M+F | Snuff, ST | All cancer (459,792), oral (6,976), all digestive (109,514) |
Mashberg et al. 1993 [90] | USA | 1972–1989 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (359) |
Perry et al. 1993g | USA | About 1992 | Hospital | M+F | ST | Oral (133) |
Spitz et al. 1993 [92] | USA | 1987–1991 | Hospital | M+F | Chew | Oral (108)f |
Chow et al. 1994 [93] | USA | 1985–1997 | Population | M | Chew | Bile duct (49) |
Hansson et al. 1994 [94] | Sweden | 1989–1992 | Population | M+F | Chew, snuff | Stomach (338) |
Hardell et al. 1994 [95] | Sweden | 1974–1978 | Population | M | Snuff | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (105) |
Hayes et al. 1994 [96] | USA | 1986–1989 | Population | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Prostate (981) |
Kabat et al. 1994 [97] | USA | 1977–1990 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff | Oral (1,560) |
Bundgaard et al. 1995 [98] | Denmark | 1986–1990 | Population | M+F | Chew | Oral (161) |
McLaughlin et al. 1995 [99] | 5 countriesh | 1989–1991 | Population | M+F | ST | Kidney (1,732) |
Muscat et al. 1995 [100] | USA | 1977–1993 | Hospital | M | Chew | Kidney (543) |
Muscat et al. 1997 [101] | USA | 1985–1993 | Hospital | M | Chew, snuff | Pancreas (290) |
Lewin et al. 1998 [102] | Sweden | 1980–1989 | Population | M | Snuff | Oral (266), larynx (157), oesophagus (122) |
Muscat and Wynder 1998 [103] | USA | 1977–1980 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, ST | Oral (128) |
Schildt et al. 1998 [104] | Sweden | 1980–1989 | Population | M+F | Chew, snuff, ST | Oral (410) |
Schwartz et al. 1998 [105] | USA | 1990–1995 | Population | M | ST | Oral (165) |
Yuan et al. 1998 [106] | USA | 1986–1994 | Population | M+F | ST | Kidney (1,204) |
Ye et al. 1999 [107] | Sweden | 1989–1995 | Population | M+F | Chew, snuff | Stomach (514) |
Lagergren et al. 2000 [108] | Sweden | 1995–1997 | Population | M+F | Snuff | Oesophagus (189), stomach (429) |
Zheng et al. 2001 [109] | USA | NA | Population | M+F | Chew, snuff | Brain (375) |
Schroeder et al. 2002 [110] | USA | 1980–1982 | Population | M | Chew, snuff, ST | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (182) |
Alguacil and Silverman 2004 [111] | USA | 1986–1989 | Population | M+F | ST | Pancreas (526) |
Bracci and Holly 2005 [112] | USA | 1988–1993 | Population | M | ST | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (725) |
Rosenquist et al. 2005 [113] | Sweden | 2000–2004 | Population | M+F | Snuff | Oral (132) |
Hassan et al. 2007 [114] | USA | 2000–2006 | Hospital | M+F | Chew, snuff, ST | Pancreas (808) |