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Table 24 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; meta-analysis results

From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America

    

Heterogeneity

Type of ST (region)a

Adjustments/restrictionsb

Number of estimates (RR/OR ids)c

Random-effects RR/OR (95% CI)

χ2

I2

P(χ2)

Any

Overall data

5 (5, 13, 15, 18, 19)

1.20 (0.83–1.75)d

12.8

68.8

0.012

 

Smoking-adjusted

3 (5, 13, 19)

1.35 (0.62–2.94)

9.5

78.9

0.009

 

Never smokers

3 (5, 13, 19)

1.35 (0.62–2.94)

9.5

78.9

0.009

Any (USA)

Overall data

3 (13, 18, 19)

1.45 (0.81–2.59)

5.2

61.2

0.076

 

Smoking-adjusted

2 (13, 19)

2.07 (0.70–6.13)

3.0

66.2

0.085

 

Never smokers

2 (13, 19)

2.07 (0.70–6.13)

3.0

66.2

0.085

Snuff (Scandinavia)

Overall data

2 (5, 15)

1.04 (0.54–1.98)

5.1

80.5

0.024

 

Smoking-adjusted

1 (5)

0.77 (0.59–1.01)

--

--

--

 

Never smokers

1 (5)

0.77 (0.59–1.01)

--

--

--

  1. a For each study/sex, the RR/OR for ST from Table 23 was included if available, otherwise that for chewing tobacco or snuff was used.
  2. b Smoking-adjusted includes estimates for smokers and non-smokers combined, adjusted for smoking if available, and estimates for never smokers otherwise.
  3. c The actual estimates included are identified by their RR/OR identification numbers as given in Table 23.
  4. d Test for publication bias 0.01 ≤ P < 0.05.
  5. CI = confidence interval; ST = smokeless tobacco; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative risk.