Table 30 Summary of meta-analyses for smokeless tobacco use in Western populations
From: Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and cancer in Europe and North America
| Â | Overall data | Smoking-adjusted data | Never smokers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cancer | n | RR/OR (95% CI) | n | RR/OR (95% CI) | n | RR/OR (95% CI) |
Oropharyngeal (Table 4) | 41 | 1.79 (1.36–2.36) | 19 | 1.36 (1.04–1.77) | 9 | 1.72 (1.01–2.94) |
- (published since 1990) | 18 | 1.28 (0.94–1.76) | 14 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 7 | 1.24 (0.80–1.90) |
Oesophageal (Table 6) | 10 | 1.25 (1.03–1.51) | 7 | 1.13 (0.95–1.36) | 4 | 1.91 (1.15–3.17) |
Stomach (Table 8) | 9 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 8 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | 4 | 1.27 (0.75–2.13) |
Pancreatic (Table 10) | 7 | 1.00 (0.68–1.47) | 7 | 1.07 (0.71–1.60) | 5 | 1.23 (0.66–2.31) |
Any digestive (Table 12) | 5 | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 5 | 0.86 (0.59–1.25) | 4 | 1.14 (0.99–1.33) |
Larynx (Table 14) | 5 | 1.43 (1.08–1.89) | 2 | 1.34 (0.61–2.95) | 0 | - |
Lung (Table 16) | 9 | 0.96 (0.73–1.27) | 6 | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 5 | 1.34 (0.80–2.23) |
Prostate (Table 18) | 5 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 4 | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | 3 | 1.81 (0.76–4.30) |
Bladder (Table 20) | 14 | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) | 10 | 0.95 (0.71–1.29) | 6 | 1.10 (0.60–2.02) |
Kidney (Table 22) | 11 | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) | 5 | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 2 | 2.19 (0.63–7.70) |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Table 24) | 5 | 1.20 (0.83–1.75) | 3 | 1.35 (0.62–2.95) | 3 | 1.35 (0.62–2.95) |
Overall cancer (Table 27) | 7 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 7 | 0.98 (0.84–1.15) | 6 | 1.10 (1.02–1.19) |