Self-perceived psychological stress and ischemic stroke: a case-control study

Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of permanent self-perceived psychological stress and vascular risk factors for ischemic stroke

	Univariate	Multivariate^a
Permanent self-perceived psychological stress^b	3.38 (2.31 to 4.96)***	3.49 (2.06 to 5.93)***
Hypertension	2.75 (2.09 to 3.60)***	2.21 (1.53 to 3.20)***
Smoking	3.02 (2.23 to 4.08)***	3.04 (1.98 to 4.67)***
Diabetes	3.78 (2.47 to 5.77)***	2.61 (1.51 to 4.52)***
Hyperlipidemia	1.64 (1.22 to 2.20)**	1.77 (1.19 to 2.63)**
Occupation, lower education	1.51 (1.18 to 1.93)**	1.28 (0.92 to 1.80)
Regular leisure time physical activity^c	0.34 (0.23 to 0.51)***	0.66 (0.39 to 1.13)
WHR, per 1 SD increase	1.71 (1.45 to 2.02)***	1.36 (1.09 to 1.70)**
Family history of stroke	1.77 (1.35 to 2.32)***	1.69 (1.16 to 2.43)**

**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ^aconditional logistic regression with age, self-perceived psychological stress, hypertension, smoking status, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, occupation, leisure time physical activity, WHR, and family history of stroke included in the model; ^bpermanent self-perceived stress during the last year or longer; ^cregular, moderate physical activity of at least 4 h/week.
SD = standard deviation; WHR = waist to hip ratio.

ISSN: 1741-7015