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Table 2 Enzymes co-regulated at the gene and protein level by Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1)

From: STAT1-dependent expression of energy metabolic pathways links tumour growth and radioresistance to the Warburg effect

Pathway

Gene Symbol

Description

Function

GG

ALDH1A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1

Oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate

GG

ALDH2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)

Oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate

GG

ALDOA

Aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate

Cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

GG

ENO1

Enolase 1, (alpha)

Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

GG

ENO2

Enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal)

Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

GG

ENO3

Enolase 3 (beta, muscle)

Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

GG

GAPDH

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Oxidation and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with reduction of NAD+ to NADH

GG

GPI

Glucose phosphate isomerase

Conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

GG

LDHA

Lactate dehydrogenase A

Reduction of pyruvate to lactate with oxidation of NADH to NAD+

GG

LDHAL6B

Lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B

Reduction of pyruvate to lactate with oxidation of NADH to NAD+

GG

LDHB

Lactate dehydrogenase B

Reduction of pyruvate to lactate with oxidation of NADH to NAD+

GG

PGAM1

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain)

Conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

GG

PGK1

Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

Phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP with formation of 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP

GG

PGM1

Phosphoglucomutase 1

Interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate

GG

PKM2

Pyruvate kinase type 2, muscle

Phosphoryl transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP with formation of pyruvate and ATP

GG

TPI1

Triosephosphate isomerase 1

Interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

OP

ATP5A1

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

OP

ATP5O

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

OP

ATP5B

ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide

Synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

OP

COX4I1

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1

Oxidation of cytochrome C with reduction of O2 to H2O

OP/CC

SDHA

Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp)

Oxidation of succinate to fumarate with reduction of FAD+ to FADH2

CC

MDH2

Malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)

Oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate with reduction of NAD+ to NADH

  1. GG, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis; OP, oxidative phosphorylation; CC, citrate cycle