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Table 4 Plasma polyphenol concentrations (nmol/L).

From: Blood cell gene expression associated with cellular stress defense is modulated by antioxidant-rich food in a randomised controlled clinical trial of male smokers

 

Control (n = 10)

Antioxidant-rich diet (n = 10)

 
 

Baseline

Change

Baseline

Change

Pvaluea

Paraxanthin

3.2

(0.4-5.9)

-0.9

(-3.6-0.6)

2.0

(0.0-7.1)

-0.5

(-3.3-0.2)

0.85

Quercetin

24.5

(2.0-67.8)

3.1

(-65.8-22.2)

21.2

(2.0-54.6)

22.2

(-0.9-193.6)

0.11

3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid

85.0

(28.9-605.7)

15.6

(-309.4-91.4)

92.3

(26.1-294.4)

50.4

(-90.5-735.4)

0.51

4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid

500.6

(376.1-1038.2)

-37.5

(-254.1-353.0)

587.9

(400.5-923.6)

-106.4

(-497.7-225.9)

0.68

Vanillic acid

128.9

(99.0-679.5)

-41.0

(-153.3-42.1)

118.7

(73.8-318.4)

64.2

(-3.8-552.0)

0.02

Protocatechuic acid

112.5

(54.3-327.5)

-5.8

(-71.4-23.4)

88.7

(61.8-156.1)

31.9

(6.6-53.8)

0.03*

Homovanillic acid

95.6

(77.9-279.1)

-1.4

(-187.5-21.3)

87.3

(77.6-144.0)

17.3

(-21.6-255.5)

0.08

3,4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid

150.1

(92.6-199.8)

-5.5

(-89.4-24.8)

158.4

(107.8-235.8)

31.4

(-54.1-102.7)

0.12

Gallic acid

30.4

(16.0-63.3)

-4.6

(-28.9-20.7)

21.7

(15.5-29.8)

20.3

(0.8-39.8)

0.01*

p-coumaric acid

20.8

(11.9-110.2)

-6.5

(-65.0-1.8)

15.3

(5.6-36.1)

10.4

(-15.4-83.1)

0.08

Caffeic acid

203.1

(32.7-656.5)

-29.2

(-255.4-24.7)

97.6

(36.8-193.5)

-10.4

(-112.0-232.4)

0.31

Enterolactone

18.1

(4.8-39.2)

9.1

(-2.6-55.1)

13.0

(6.2-50.6)

10.5

(-4.7-40.6)

1.00

  1. Biomarkers of polyphenol intake.
  2. Group median with 95% confidence interval.
  3. aA Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the change in the antioxidant-rich diet group compared to controls.
  4. *Significant P < 0.05. Baseline values were not significantly different between the groups. P values not shown.