Table 8 Effect sizes for functional activity
Time-point | Study | Measure used | Augmented therapy | Standard therapy | Mean difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | No. subjects | Mean (SD) | No. subjects | Mean (SD) | Effect size | [95% CI] |
Outcome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Donaldson | ARAT | 10 | 41.8 (17.8) | 8 | 45.0 (14.0) | 3.2 | [-17.9,11.5] |
   20 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | ARAT | 29 | 9.0 (28.9) | 34 | 0.0 (1.5) | 9.0 | [-1.5,19.5] |
   5 weeks after start therapy | Lincoln | ARAT | 87 | 1.0 (25.9) | 90 | 5.0 (28.2) | -4.0 | [-12.0,4.0] |
| Â | Subtotal - ARAT | 126 | Â | 132 | Â | 0.1 | [-5.7,6.0] | |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Donaldson | 9 Hole Peg Test | 10 | 0.2 (0.2) | 8 | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.0a | [-0.1,0.1] |
   5 weeks after start therapy | Lincoln | 10 Hole Peg Test | 87 | 0.0 (19.3) | 90 | 0.0 (41.5) | 0.0a | [-9.5,9.5] |
   5 weeks after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead arm | 87 | 3.0 (5.9) | 90 | 4.0 (5.2) | -1.0 | [-2.6,0.6] |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Rivermead mobility | 31 | 36.6 (10.4) | 32 | 34.6 (10.8) | 2.0 | [-3.2,7.2] |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Walk 0.8 m/s or more | 31 | 11 | 32 | 4 | 3.9 c | [1.1,13.9] |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Comfort walk speed | 32 | 0.6 (0.5) | 31 | 0.3 (0.4) | 0.3 | [0.1,0.5] |
   20 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Comfort walk speed | 26 | 0.7 (0.5) | 34 | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.3 | [0.1,0.5] |
| Â | Subtotal - comfort walk speed | 58 | Â | 65 | Â | 0.3 | [0.1,0.5] | |
   20 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Max walk speed | 26 | 0.9 (0.7) | 34 | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.4 | [0.1,0.7] |
   20 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | FAC | 29 | 4 (1.5) | 34 | 3 (2.2) | 1.0 | [0.1,2.0] |
   6 weeks after start therapy | Partridge | 5 metre walk time | 33 | 49.2 (32.0) | 22 | 39.9 (29.9) | 9.3 | [-7.3,25.9] |
   5 weeks after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead Gross Function | 87 | 3.0 (4.4) | 87 | 5.0 (5.2) | -2.0 | [-3.4,-0.6] |
Follow-up 1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   26 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | ARAT | 29 | 4.0 (28.2) | 34 | 0.0 (1.85) | 4.0 | [-6.3,14.3] |
   3 months after stroke | Rodgers | ARAT | 54 | 53.0 (27.4) | 51 | 54.0 (41.5) | -1.0 | [-14.5,12.5] |
| Â | Subtotal - ARAT | 83 | Â | 85 | Â | 2.2 | [-6.0, 10.4] | |
   18 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Rivermead mobility | 28 | 36.6 (9.8) | 23 | 39.7 (5.7) | -3.1 | [-7.4,1.2] |
   3 months after start therapy | GAPS | Rivermead mobility | 32 | 9.7 (3.3) | 34 | 8.1 (3.6) | 1.6 | [-0.1,3.3] |
| Â | Subtotal - Rivermead mobility | 60 | Â | 57 | Â | 1.0 | [-0.6,2.5] | |
   18 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Comfort walk speed | 27 | 0.6 (0.5) | 23 | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.2 | [-0.1,0.5] |
   26 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Comfort walk speed | 26 | 0.6 (0.5) | 34 | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.2 | [-0.0,0.4] |
| Â | Subtotal - Comfort walk speed | 59 | Â | 61 | Â | 0.2 | [-0.1,0.4] | |
   3 months after stroke | Rodgers | Frenchay Arm Test | 54 | 4.0 (2.2) | 51 | 4.0 (3.7) | 0.0 | [-1.2,1.2] |
   3 months after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead arm | 84 | 3.0 (5.9) | 84 | 5.0 (5.2) | -2.0 | [-3.7,-0.3] |
   6 months after start therapy | Partridge | 5 metre walk time | 27 | 35.8 (16.5) | 33 | 49.4 (32.1) | -13.6 | [-26.2,-1.0] |
   3 months after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead Gross Function | 84 | 5.0 (5.2) | 84 | 6.0 (5.9) | -1.0 | [-2.7,0.7] |
   26 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | FAC | 26 | 5.0 (0.7) | 34 | 4.0 (2.2) | 1.0 | [0.2,1.8] |
   18 weeks after start therapy | Cooke | Walk 0.8 m/s or more | 27 | 10 | 23 | 4 | 2.8 | [0.8,10.6] |
   26 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Max walk speed | 26 | 0.9 (0.7) | 34 | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.3 | [-0.0,0.6] |
Follow-up 2 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   6 months after start therapy | Lincoln | ARAT | 81 | 3.0 (28.9) | 81 | 19.0 (33.3) | -16.0 | [-25.6,-6.4] |
   52 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | ARAT | 28 | 6.0 (31.3) | 33 | 1.0 (21.1) | 5.00 | [-8.6,18.7] |
   6 months after stroke | Rodgers | ARAT | 48 | 55.0 (31.9) | 48 | 56.0 (23.7) | -1.0 | [-12.2,10.2] |
| Â | Subtotal - ARAT | 157 | Â | 162 | Â | -6.4 | [-12.8,0.0] | |
   6 months after start therapy | Lincoln | 10 Hole Peg Test | 81 | 0 (40.7) | 81 | 0 (45.2) | 0.0 | [-13.3,13.3] |
   6 months after stroke | Rodgers | Frenchay Arm Test | 48 | 5.0 (3.0) | 48 | 4 (3.0) | 1.0 | [-0.2,2.2] |
   6 months after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead arm | 81 | 4.0 (6.7) | 81 | 6.0 (5.9) | -2.0 | [-4.0,-0.1] |
   6 months after start therapy | Lincoln | Rivermead Gross Function | 81 | 6.0 (5.9) | 81 | 7.0 (3.7) | -1.0 | [-2.5,0.5] |
   52 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Max walk speed | 25 | 0.9 (0.6) | 33 | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.2 | [-0.1,0.5] |
   52 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | FAC | 25 | 5 (0.7) | 33 | 4 (1.48) | 1.0 | [0.4,1.6] |
   6 months after start therapy | GAPS | Rivermead mobility | 30 | 10.2 (3.1) | 34 | 9.1 (4.0) | 1.1 | [-0.6,2.8] |
   52 weeks after start therapy | Kwakkel | Comfort walk speed | 25 | 0.6 (0.5) | 33 | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.1 | [-0.1,0.3] |