Table 3 Classification of nanobiotechnology approaches to drug delivery in cancer^a

Nanoparticles

Nanoparticle formulations of anticancer drugs, for example, paclitaxel

Exosomes for cancer drug delivery

Dexosomes (exosomes produced by dendritic cells) as cancer vaccines

Nanoencapsulation and enclosure of anticancer drugs

Enclosing drugs in lipid nanocapsules

Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles

Micelles for drug delivery in cancer

Targeted delivery of anticancer therapy

Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles

Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation

Folate-linked nanoparticles

Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery

Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

Nanodroplets for site-specific cancer treatment

Lipid-based nanocarriers

Targeted antiangiogenic therapy using nanoparticles

Nanoparticles for delivery of drugs to brain tumors

Combination of nanoparticles with radiotherapy

Combination with boron neutron capture therapy

Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy

Combination with physical modalities of cancer therapy

Combination with laser ablation of tumors

Combination with photodynamic therapy

Combination with thermal ablation

Combination with ultrasound

Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy

p53 gene therapy of cancer

Immunolipoplex for delivery of p53 gene

Intravenous delivery of FUS1 gene

Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics

Nanoshells as adjuncts to thermal tumor ablation

Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles

Nanocomposite devices