Table 1 Details of studies providing data on FEV1 decline in people who gave up smokinga
From: Systematic review of the evidence relating FEV1decline to giving up smoking
Study no. | Referencesb | Location | Follow-up periodc | Baseline populationd | Exclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | General population studies | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1 | Busselton, Australia | 1966-1975 to 1995 | 9,317 men and women ages 18+ attending health surveys | None | |
2 | Beck et al. 1982 [14] | Lebanon, CT, USA | 1972-1978 | 632 white men and women, residents of a rural community ages 25+e | None |
3 | Bosse et al. 1980 [15], Bosse et al. 1981 [16], Gottlieb et al. 1996 [17], Sparrow et al. 1983 [18], Sparrow et al. 1984 [19], Sparrow et al. 1993 [20] | Boston, MA, USA | 1963-1968 to 1978 | 2,000 male volunteers ages 20-80 (Normative aging study) | Chronic medical conditions |
4 | Burchfiel et al. 1995 [11] | Hawaii, USA | 1965-1968 to 1975 | 4,451 Japanese-American men ages 45-68 (Honolulu Heart Program) | Unacceptable FEV1 measurements at any time point |
5 | Tucson, AZ USA | 1972-1973 to 1993 | Random sample of 1,705 non-Mexican-American white men and women ages 20+ | Asthmatic, FEV1 < 60% predicted | |
6 | Chambers et al. 1999 [22] | Birmingham, England | 1987-1996 | Inner-city general practice study in 117 men and women ages 45-74 | None |
7 | Western Europe (26 centres), USA (1 centre) | 1991-1993 to 2002 | Random sample of 6,654 men and women ages 20-44 (European Community Respiratory Health Survey) | None | |
8 | Clement and van de Woestijne 1982 [25] | Belgium | 1960-1975 | 2,406 male members of Belgian Air Force ages 20-45 | Less than 3 FEV1 measurements |
9 | Comstock et al. 1970 [26] | USA, four cities | 1962-1963 to 1969 | 527 male telephone workers ages 40-59 | Retired or died by follow-up |
10 | Corbin et al. 1979 [27] | Montreal, QC, Canada | 1971-1976 | 42 men and womenf ages 29-74, smokers attending a smoking cessation clinic, nonsmokers undefined | FEV1/FVC <70% |
11 | Eriksson et al. 1985 [28] | Malmö, Sweden | 1976-1982 | Representative sample of 63 men age 50 | None |
12 | Ferris et al. 1976 [29] | Berlin, NH, USA | 1967-1973 | 1,156 inhabitants of industrial city, mainly ages 25-75g | None |
13 | Fletcher et al. 1970 [30], Fletcher et al. 1976 [6], Fletcher et al. 1977 [31] | London, England | 1961-1969 | 792 men in engineering works and clerical workers ages 30-59 | Asthmatic, malignant disease, heart disease, tuberculosis, 50% of nonsmokers and 20% of smokers without persistent phlegm or chest illness |
14 | Frew et al. (1992) [32] | Vancouver, BC, Canada | 1981-1983 to 1989 | 733 men ages 15+; grain workers, sawmill workers and office workers | Significant medical disorders or FEV1 < 1.5 L or severe asthma |
15 | Górecka and Czernicka-Cierpisz 1992 [33] | Warsaw, Poland | 1987-1991 | 116 male and female hospital workers ages 19-71h | No direct contact with patients |
16 | Griffith et al. 2001 [34] | USA, 4 communities | 1989-1993 to 1996 | 5242 men and women ages 65+ (Cardiovascular Health Study of older adults) | Could not give informed consent, terminally ill, institutionalized, unable to walk, likely to move in next 3 years |
17 | Huhti and Ikkala 1980 [35] | Harjavalta, Finland | 1961-1971 | 1,037 men and women in rural population ages 40-64 | Pulmonary tuberculosis, clinically significant respiratory disease (other than asthma or emphysema) |
18 | Humerfelt et al. 1993 [36] | Bergen, Norway | 1965-1970 to 1990 | Random sample of 951 men ages 22-54 | None |
19 | Katoh et al. 2001 [37] | K-town, Japan | 1985-1988 to 2000 | 1,596 men and women ages 39+ | Ever had asthma |
20 | Kauffman et al. 1979 [38], Kauffman et al. 1979 [39], Kauffman et al. 1997 [40] | Paris area, France | 1960-1961 to 1972 | 575 working men ages 30-54 | Incorrect spirographs at either survey |
21 | Krzyzanowski et al. 1986 [41] | Cracow, Poland | 1968-1981 | Random sample of 1,824 male and female residents ages 19-70 | None |
22 | Copenhagen, Denmark | 1976-1978 to 1983 | Random sample of 7,764 men and women ages 20+ from area around hospital (Copenhagen City Heart Study) | Asthmatic, smoked tobacco products other than cigarettes, quit <1 year before end | |
23 | Taylor et al. 1985 [44], Lim et al. 1988 [45], Watson et al. 1993 [46], Watson et al. 2000 [47] | West London, England | 1974-1997 | 227 men ages 20-54 recruited from local employers, supplemented by sample of heavy smokers used in earlier studies | Asthmatic, chest illness, abnormal X-ray |
24 | Liu and Wang 1999 [48] | Beijing, China | 1987-1997 | 63 men and womenf ages 60+ | Abnormal physical examination, ECG or X-ray; FVC ≤80% of pretest; FEV1 ≤75% of pretest; FEV1/FVC ≤75% |
25 | Olofsson et al. 1986 [49] | Gothenburg, Sweden | 1973-1980 | 460 men born in 1913 (age 60) or in 1923 (age 50) | None |
26 | Omori et al. 2005 [50] | Kumamoto, Japan | 1994-1999 | 1,888 men ages 35-74 attending medical checkup | Asthmatic, other pulmonary disease, X-ray abnormalities, quit smoking before baseline |
27 | Sandvik et al. 1995 [51] | Oslo, Norway | 1972-1975 to 1982 | 1,393 healthy men ages 40-59 working in 5 companies | Heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and other miscellaneous diseases |
28 | Sato et al. 1997 [52] | Niita City, Japan | 1983-1986 to 1989 | 429 "healthy" male office workers ages 15-65 | Heart or lung disease |
29 | USA, 6 cities | 1974-1976 to 1988 | Random sample of 8,191 men and women ages 25-74 (Six Cities Study) | None | |
30 | Soejima et al. 2000 [55] | Tokyo, Japan | 1991-1994 to 1999 | 83 men and women ages 35-83 attending Keio University Hospital | Lung cancer, marked lung abnormalities |
31 | Los Angeles, CA, USA | 1973-1978 to 1982 | 2,401 men and women ages 25-64 in 4 areas varying by pollution level | Nonwhites, inconsistent demographics | |
32 | Van der Lende et al. 1981 [58], Xu et al. 1994 [4], Rijcken et al. 1995 [5] | Vlagtwedde and Vlaardingen, Netherlands | 1965-1969 to 1990 | 4,692 men and women ages 15-54 in a rural area and a polluted area | None |
33 | Villar et al. 1995 [59] | Southampton, England | 1987-1988 to 1992 | 198 men and women ages 65+ randomly selected from 3 general practices | None |
34 | Vollmer et al. 1985 [60] | Portland, OR, USA | 1974-1983 | Random sample of 48 men and women ages 25-54 from Multnomah County | None |
35 | Vollmer et al. 1985 [60] | Portland, OR, USA | 1971-1972 to 1982 | 128 men and women ages 34-83h volunteering for lung function testing | Abnormal FEV1 |
36 | Wilhelmsen et al. 1969 [61] | Gothenburg, Sweden | 1963-1967 | 313 men born in 1913 (age 50) | None |
47 | Kohansal et al. 2009 [62] | Framingham, MA, USA | 1971-1975 to 1977 | 4,391 men and women ages 13-71 (Framingham Offspring Cohort) | None |
| Â | Studies of patients with specific diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â |
37 | Annesi et al. 1992 [63] | Paris, France | 1980-1981 to 1986 | 310 male policemen ages 22-55 with some potential risk factors for FEV1 declinei | None |
38 | Demedts 1988 [64] | Leuven, Belgium | 1975-1985 | 13 male patients ages 41-63 with early emphysemaj | None |
39 | Grol et al. 1999 [65] | Groningen, Netherlands | 1983-1986 to 1996 | 95 men and women ages 21-33 identified as having allergic asthma when assessed at ages 5-14 | Other specific respiratory diseases, for example, cystic fibrosis or tuberculosis |
40 | Howard 1974 [66] | Sheffield, England | 1966-1972 | 144 men and women ages 42-78h with obstructive airway disease | Ischaemic and rheumatic heart disease, severe physical deformity |
41 | Hughes et al. 1982 [67] | London, England | 1966-1976 to 1979 | 56 men ages 39-71h with emphysema and vascular attenuation or destruction | Other severe lung diseases or abnormalities, thoracic surgery, α1-antitrypsin deficiencyk |
42 | Postma et al. 1986 [68] | Groningen, Netherlands | 1964-1972 to 1985 | 81 nonallergic men and women ages 30-66h with chronic airflow obstruction and considerable lung function impairmentl | Other progressive or life-threatening disease, used corticosteroids for >9 months |
| Â | Intervention studies | Â | Â | Â | Â |
43 | Anthonisen et al. 1994 [7], Scanlon et al. 2000 [69], Kanner et al. 2001 [70], Anthonisen et al. 2002 [71] | USA and Canada, 10 centres | 1986-1989 to 2000 | 5,887 men and women ages 35-60 with mild to moderate COPDm who smoked 10+ cigarettes/day within 30 days of screening (Lung Health Study). The subjects were randomly allocated to 3 groups: SIA = special intervention smoking cessation programme plus ipratropium bromide inhaler, SIP = special intervention smoking cessation programme plus placebo inhaler, UC = usual care group | Serious illness, pregnant, used physician-prescribed bronchodilators, β-adrenergic antagonists or systemic glucocorticoids or admitted 25+ drinks/week |
44 | Soriano et al. 2007 [72] | USA and Europe, 7 trials | Dates not given; 12- to 36-month follow-up period | 1,901 men and women in placebo groups of pooled data from 7 randomized trials of inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo in patients with moderate to severe COPD | Asthmatic, ex-smokers (in one of the 7 trials) |
45 | USA, 22 centres | 1973-1974 to 1982 | 4,926 men ages 35-57 free of heart disease but at high risk based on their blood pressure, serum cholesterol level and cigarette smoking (MRFIT study). The subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups: SI = special intervention on smoking, diet and antihypertensive medication; UC = usual care | Very high blood pressure or cholesterol, used β-blockers, serious life-threatening disease, believed unable to participate, smoked cigars, cigarettes or pipes, FEV1 measured for <2 years in latter half of follow-up | |
46 | Xie et al. 2001 [75] | China, 3 provinces | 1992-2000 | 869 men and women ages 15+ living in rural areas with chronic respiratory symptomsn and FEV1/FVC ≥ 70%. The areas were randomly allocated to intervention, involving establishment or an organization towards improving medical services, promoting smoking cessation and supplying targeted pharmaceutical treatment, and control. | None |