Study | Year | Country | Definition of diabetes as reported | Risk predictors in the model |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al Khalaf et al. [60] | 2010 | Kuwait | Diagnosis of diabetes based on ADA 2003 criteria. If FPG was ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or random glucose was ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, participants were classified as having newly diagnosed diabetes. | Age, waist circumference, blood pressure medication, diabetes in sibling |
Al-Lawati et al. [41] | 2007 | Oman | Diabetes was diagnosed according to 1998 WHO criteria for OGTT (FPG 11.1 mmol/l 2-h post 75-g glucose load | Age, waist circumference, BMI, family history of diabetes, hypertension |
Baan et al. [42] | 1999 | The Netherlands | Diabetes defined as use of antidiabetic medication (insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medication) and/or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L according to WHO criteria | Age, sex, use of antihypertensive medication, obesity (BMI ≥ 30) |
Bang et al. [43] | 2009 | USA | Undiagnosed diabetes defined as FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (≥ 126 mg/dL) | Age, sex, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, obesity (BMI or waist circumference), physical activity |
Borrell et al. [59] | 2007 | USA | FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL | Age, sex, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, self-reported hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, periodontal disease |
Chaturvedi et al. [44] | 2008 | India | Undiagnosed diabetes defined as those with FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (≥ 7.0 mmol/L) but who were not aware of their glycaemic status | Age, blood pressure, waist circumference, family history of diabetes |
Gao et al. [45] | 2010 | China | Diabetes defined according to 2006 WHO/IDF criteria. In individuals without known diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes was determined if person had FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or postchallenge PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L | Age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes |
Glümer et al. [46] | 2004 | Denmark | Individuals without known diabetes and with FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L defined as having SDM | Age, BMI, sex, known hypertension, physical activity, family history of diabetes |
Keesukphan et al. [47] | 2007 | Thailand | 75-g OGTT carried out as outlined by WHO Diabetes Study Group | Age, BMI, history of hypertension |
Ko et al. [48] | 2010 | Hong Kong | All subjects underwent 75-g OGTT using 1998 WHO criteria (FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L and/or 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L | Age, sex, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, family history of diabetes, gestational diabetes |
Mohan et al. [49] | 2005 | India | Diagnosis of diabetes based on WHO Consulting Group criteria, that is, 2-hr PG ≥ 200 mg/dL | Age, abdominal obesity (waist circumference), physical activity, family history of diabetes |
Pires de Sousa et al. [50] | 2009 | Brazil | FPG > 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L), that is, provisional diagnosis of diabetes according to ADA criteria, classified as type 2 diabetes patients | Age, BMI, hypertension |
Ramachandran et al. [51] | 2005 | India | Diabetes diagnosis based on 2-h PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L | Age, family history of diabetes, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity |
Ruige et al. [52] | 1997 | The Netherlands | Participants underwent 75-g OGTT and were classified according to WHO criteria | Frequent thirst, pain during walking with need to slow down, shortness of breath when walking, age, sex, obesity (BMI), obesity (men), family history of diabetes, use of antihypertensive drugs, reluctance to use bicycle for transportation |
Tabaei and Herman [53] | 2002 | Egypt | Undiagnosed diabetes defined based on FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL and/or 2-h PG ≥ 200 mg/dL | Age, random plasma glucose, postprandial time, sex, BMI |