Table 4 Characteristics of included randomized trials with effects on weight management, blood glucose and blood lipids
Author, Year, Country | Population, Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Sweetener 1: Type, Quantity (g/d) | Sweetener 2: Type, Quantity (g/d) | Daily Diet (carbohydrate/ fat/protein) | Study design, Follow-up, Sample size | Mean age (y), % female | Allocation concealment, Jadad score, Funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-caloric versus Saccharide | |||||||
Reid [61] 2007 UK | General 23 | Aspartame 3.56 | Sucrose 42 | Ad lib | RCT 4 wk 133 | 32 100 | Unclear 1 Public |
Raben [63] 2002 Denmark | Overweight 28 | Aspartame/Acesulfame/ Cyclamate/Saccharin 0.48-0.67 | Sucrose 125-175 | Ad lib | RCT 10 wk 41 | 35 85 | Unclear 1 Mixeda |
Chantelau [62] 1985 Germany | DM1 < 25 | Cyclamate 348 mg | Sucrose 24 | Restricted to no other added sweeteners however sucrose-sweetened soft drinks were discouraged | xRCT 2 4wk periods 10 | Range 25-43 80 | Unclear 1 - |
Saccharide versus Saccharide | |||||||
Okuno [68] 2010 Japan | General 23 | Isomaltulose/ Sucrose 40 | Sucrose 40 | Ad lib | RCT 12 wk 50 | 53 80 | Unclear 2 Private |
Tudor Ngo Sock [64] 2010 Netherlands | General 19-25 | Fructose 3.5 g/kg FFM | Glucose 3.5 g/kg FFM | Total and distribution of energy restricted 55/30/15% | xRCT 2 1wk periods (2-3wk wo) 11 | 25 0 | Unclear 1 Mixed |
Yaghoobi [69] 2008 Iran | Overweight/ Obese 31 | Honey 70 | Sucrose 70 | Ad lib | RCT Max 30d 55 | 42 56 | Unclear 1 Public |
Boesch [70] 2001 Switzerland | General < 25 | Tagatose 45 | Sucrose 45 | Ad lib | xRCT 2 28d periods (28d wo) 12 | Range 21-30 0 | Inadequate 2 - |
Bantle [65] 2000 US | General 25 | Fructose 80 (incl 17 g glucose) | Glucose 80 (incl 15 g fructose) | Total and distribution of energy restricted 55/30/15% | xRCT 2 42d periods 24 | 41 50 | Unclear 1 Public |
Luo [71] 2000 Belgium | DM2 28 | FOS 20 | Sucrose 20 | Ad lib | xRCT 2 4wk periods (2wk wo) 10 | 57 40 | Unclear 1 Private |
Alles [73] 1999 Netherlands | DM2 28 | FOS Saccharide 30 | Glucose Saccharide 8 | Ad lib | xRCT 2 20d periods 20 | 59 55 | Unclear 1 Mixed |
Luo [72] 1996 France | General 21 | FOS 20 | Sucrose 20 | Low-fiber diet recommended | xRCT 2 4wk periods (2wk wo) 12 | 24 0 | Unclear 2 Private |
Bantle [67] 1986 US | 50% DM1/50% DM2 - | Sucrose 23% | Fructose 21% | Total and distribution of energy restricted 55/30/15% | xRCT 2 8d periods 24 | 43 54 | Unclear 1 Mixed |
Macdonald [66] 1973 UK | General - | Sucrose 6.5 g/kg | Glucose 6.5 g/kg | Restricted to 1 g/kg calcium caseinate | xRCT 2 11d periods (2wk wo) 10 | Range 20-25 40 | Unclear 1 Private |