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Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study subjectsa

From: Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity

Characteristics

DC

CD

GS

Number of samples

39

42

26

Age at diagnosis, yr

(mean ± SD)

33.36 ± 10.94

26.88 ± 11.77

30.73 ± 12.19

Sex (F/M)

23/16

32/10

17/9

Intestinal symptoms

Dyspepsia

Chronic diarrhea

Abdominal pain

Weight fluctuation

Weakness

Smelly, fatty stools

Diarrhea

Abdominal pain

Weight loss

Gas

Extraintestinal symptoms

None

Bone or joint pain

Osteoporosis

Behavioral changes

Tingling leg numbness

Muscle cramps

Missed menstruation

Infertility

Recurrent miscarriage

Delayed growth

Thyroiditis

Tooth discoloration

Unexplained anemia

Bone or joint pain

Osteoporosis

Leg numbness

Muscle cramps

Unexplained anemia

Glossitis

EMA-IgA

All negative

34 positive

3 negative

5 not determined

All negative

tTG-IgA

All negative

37 positive

5 negative

All negative

AGA-IgA/IgG

All negative

29 positive

10 negative

3 not determined

12 positive

13 negative

1 not determined

MHC profile

None determined

22 DQ2 and/or DQ8 positive

2 DQ2 and/or DQ8 negative

18 not determined

12 DQ2 and/or DQ8 positive

9 DQ2 and/or DQ8 negative

5 not determined

Wheat IgE

1 positive

37 negative

1 not determined

18 negative

24 not determined

22 negative

4 not determined

  1. aDC, dyspeptic controls; CD, celiac disease; GS, gluten-sensitive individuals; SD, standard deviation; EMA-IgA, endomysium antibodies-immunoglobulin A; tTG-IgA, tissue transglutaminase-immunoglobulin A; AGA-IgA/IgG, anti-gliadin antibodies-immunoglobulin A/immunoglobulin G; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; IgE, immunoglobulin E.