Figure 1

Directions of effects and strength of evidence in the participants' postreading conclusions. (a) Proportion of participants with the appropriate direction of effects and strength of evidence (that is, the most appropriate conclusions) (shaded in black). (b) Proportion of participants with the appropriate direction of effects, but inappropriate strength of evidence (shaded in dark grey). (c) Proportion of participants with the appropriate strength of evidence, but inappropriate direction of effects (shaded in grey). (d) Proportions with both the inappropriate direction of effects and strength of evidence (shaded in grey). (e) Proportion of participants who did not understand the results (shaded in grey).