From: Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode
Total, OR (95% CI) | Brazil, OR (95% CI) | Colombia, OR (95% CI) | India, OR (95% CI) | Lebanon, OR (95% CI) | Mexico, OR (95% CI) | China, OR (95% CI) | South Africa, OR (95% CI) | Ukraine, OR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||||
Women | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.3)* | 2.6 (1.9 to 3.5)* | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.7)* | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.7)* | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.4)* | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.9)* | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2)* | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.0)* |
Men | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Age | |||||||||
18-34 | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.7)* | 4.9 (0.9 to 28.3) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0)* | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.7) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.2) | 2.8 (0.8 to 9.4) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.6) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6)* |
35-49 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 3.3 (1.7 to 6.5)* | 3.9 (0.7 to 23.1) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | 2.2 (1.0 to 5.2) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.3) | 1.6 (0.5 to 5.3) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)* |
50-64 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 2.5 (1.4 to 4.5)* | 3.4 (0.6 to 20.1) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.2) | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.3) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.6) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) |
65+ | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Marital status b | |||||||||
Separated | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2)* | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3)* | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.6) | 8.2 (2.2 to 30.6)* | 19.3 (5.0 to 74.4)* | 1.9 (1.0 to 3.6)* | - | 2.7 (0.7 to 9.6) | 6.6 (1.1 to 38.0)* |
Divorced | 3.0 (2.4 to 3.9)* | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.9)* | 1.2 (0.3 to 4.3) | - | 0.8 (0.2 to 4.2) | 1.2 (0.4 to 3.8) | 6.2 (2.2 to 17.3)* | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.5)* | 4.2 (2.9 to 6.2)* |
Widowed | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2)* | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.9) | 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2)* | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.6) | 2.7 (1.5 to 5.0)* | 4.1 (0.8 to 20.7) | 2.3 (1.3 to 4.0)* | 8.0 (5.3 to 12.0)* |
Never married | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.6)* | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)* | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
Currently married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Living arrangements | |||||||||
Alone | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)* | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.0) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.5) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3)* | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 2.5 (1.9 to 3.3)* |
With others | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)* | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9)* | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0)* |
With spouse | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Income | |||||||||
Low | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.3) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.2) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.3) | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.2)* | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) |
Low average | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 2.1 (1.2 to 3.8)* | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.5) | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.3) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.4) |
High average | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.5)* | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.7) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)* | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) |
High | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Education | |||||||||
Low | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 14.1 (3.4 to 58.9)* | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) | 2.1 (1.3 to 3.2)* | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.6)* | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.5) | 2.3 (1.4 to 3.8)* |
Low average | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.1 to 12.5) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 1.6 (1.0 to 2.5) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7)* | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.1)* | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) |
High average | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 3.9 (0.6 to 27.0) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) |
High | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |