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Table 1 Summary of aging-related diseases affected by caloric restriction in experimental animal models and clinical trialsa

From: Epigenetic regulation of caloric restriction in aging

Diseases

Findings

Rodents

Nonhuman primates

Humans

References

Cancer

CR prevents a broad range of cancer incidences, including breast and gastrointestinal cancer.

Y

Y

Y/?

[17, 13, 23]

Diabetes

CR improves glucose homeostasis and prevents diabetes.

Y

Y

Y

[18, 13, 23, 24]

Cardiovascular diseases

CR lowers blood pressure and favorably alters lipid profile, resulting in significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and related complications.

Y

Y

Y

[19, 13, 22–24]

Neurodegenerative diseases

CR reduces aging-associated neuronal loss and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Y

Y

Y/?

[20, 13, 23]

Immune deficiencies

CR delays the onset of T-lymphocyte-dependent autoimmune diseases.

Y

Y/?

Y/?

[21]

  1. aCR, caloric restriction; Y, CR has effects on relevant physiological changes; Y/?, not resolved or not reported.