Genes | Gene functions in aging | Epigenetic regulation | CR effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
p16 INK4a | Tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell cycle and accumulates during aging | DNA methylation, histone acetylation (mediated by SIRT1 and HDAC1) and histone methylation | Downregulation | |
p53 | Tumor suppressor gene that induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence; increased p53 promotes aging | Histone acetylation (mediated by SIRT1) | Downregulation | |
H-ras | Oncogene that accelerates aging | DNA methylation | Downregulation | [30] |
RUNX3 | Transcription factor that plays important roles in development; increases methylation with aging | DNA methylation | Up regulation | |
Foxo | Forkhead transcription factors that control various biological functions and involve SIRT1-related longevity | Histone acetylation (mediated by SIRT1) | Downregulation | |
Ku70 | A component of the NHEJ pathway for DSB repair that regulates apoptosis and DNA repair during aging | Histone acetylation (mediated by SIRT1) | Downregulation | |
PGC-1α | Regulates mitochondrial function and glucose homeostasis and interacts with SIRT1 to regulate glucose metabolism during CR | Histone acetylation (mediated by SIRT1) | Upregulation | |
hTERT | Tumor promoting gene; increased hTERT expression is correlated with telomerase activation and aging delay | Histone acetylation (mediated by HDAC1) and histone methylation | Upregulation | [31] |