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Table 3 Factors associated with hypertension among 454 Tanzanian adults by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and sex

From: Hypertension, kidney disease, HIV and antiretroviral therapy among Tanzanian adults: a cross-sectional study

Variable

No hypertension

Hypertension

Odds ratio [95% CI]

Proportion (%)

(number = 378)

(number = 76)

 

Median [IQR]

   

Female

251 (66.4%)

47 (61.8%)

1.10 [0.64 to 1.91]

Age (in years)

38 [32 to 44]

45 [39.5 to 52]

1.07 [1.04 to 1.09]

Education level

   

Incomplete primary

72 (19.1%)

10 (13.2%)

1

Complete primary

221 (58.5%)

53 (69.7%)

2.09 [0.97 to 4.50]

Secondary and above

85 (22.5%)

13 (82.9%)

1.57 [0.61 to 4.02]

Work type

   

Manual

274 (72.5%)

54 (71.1%)

1

Office

104 (27.5%)

22 (29.0%)

1.08 [0.62 to 1.91

Vigorous work

64 (16.9%)

5 (6.6%)

0.33 [0.13 to 0.88]

Transportation

   

Walking or bicycle

301 (79.6%)

56 (74.7%)

1

Motorized vehicle

77 (20.4%)

20 (26.3%)

1.32 [0.73 to 2.39]

Ease of Living Index

   

Low

219 (57.9%)

42 (55.3%)

1

Middle

54 (14.3%)

16 (21.1%)

1.96 [0.99 to 3.91]

Higher

105 (27.8%)

18 (23.7%)

0.96 [0.52 to 1.79]

Ever smoking

26 (6.9%)

6 (7.9%)

1.02 [0.37 to 2.76]

Current smoker

7 (1.9%)

2 (2.6%)

1.41 [0.25 to 8.14]

Fruit and vegetables servings/week

8 [5 to 12]

9 [5 to 13]

1.02 [0.98 to 1.06]

Sugary drinks/day

1 [1,2]

1 [0.5 to 2]

1.17 [0.98 to 1.40]

Current alcohol

   

None

307 (81.2%)

68 (89.5%)

1

< once/Week

36 (9.5%)

7 (9.2%)

0.77 [0.31 to 1.89]

≥ once/Week

35 (9.3%)

1 (1.3%)

0.13 [0.02 to 0.99]

Body Mass Index (BMI) in kg/m 2

22.9 [20.9 to 25.1]

24.2 [22.3 to 28.2]

1.09 [1.03 to 1.15]

BMI <18.5

25 (6.6%)

2 (2.6%)

1

BMI 18.5 to 25

255 (67.5%)

42 (55.3%)

1.53 [0.34 to 6.84]

BMI 25 to 30

67 (17.7%)

20 (26.3%)

3.39 [0.73 to 15.77]

BMI >30

31 (8.2%)

12 (15.8%)

3.40 [0.67 to 17.15]

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

0.84 [0.81 to 0.89]

0.86 [0.83 to 0.91]

1.03 [0.98 to 1.08] for each 0.01 increase

Central obesity a

142 (37.6%)

36 (47.4%)

1.54 [0.90 to 2.64]

Current CD4 T-cell count (in cells/μL) b

267.5 [180 to 385]

453 [323 to 590]

1.003 [1.002 to 1.005] for each cell/μL

<200

71 (28.4%)

6 (11.8%)

1

200 to 350

98 (39.2%)

10 (19.6%)

0.88 [0.30 to 2.63]

350 to 500

46 (18.4%)

15 (29.4%)

2.44 [0.85 to 7.01]

>500

35 (14.0%)

20 (39.2%)

4.33 [1.51 to 12.40]

  1. aDefined as waist/hip ratio of ≥0.85 for women and waist/hip ratio ≥0.90 for men. bFor all 301 study subjects with HIV including 50 with hypertension and 250 without hypertension. CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.
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