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Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics between DNRCC and non-DNR patients, and between DNRCC-Arrest and non-DNR patients before matching a,b

From: Two distinct Do-Not-Resuscitate protocols leaving less to the imagination: an observational study using propensity score matching

 

DNRCC (n = 88)

Pvaluec

Non-DNR (n = 2,051)

Pvalued

DNRCC-Arrest (n = 188)

Age

63.61 ± 15.52

<0.01

54.23 ± 17.76

<0.01

66.83 ± 16.28

Sex (male)

52 (59.09%)

0.19

1065 (51.93%)

0.82

96 (51.06%)

APACHE II minus GCS

23.60 ± 8.05

<0.01

15.20 ± 6.83

<0.01

21.39 ± 7.27

GCS

7.68 ± 4.60

<0.01

12.07 ± 4.00

<0.01

10.57 ± 4.39

Length of stay in the ICU by hour

91.99 ± 130.42

0.16

72.00 ± 86.21

<0.01

120.04 ± 130.75

Length of stay in the hospital by hour

155.47 ± 170.19

0.03

197.58 ± 205.09

<0.01

256.77 ± 210.98

Admission delaye

34 (38.64%)

<0.01

463 (22.57%)

0.03

56 (29.79%)

Intubated during ICU stay

56 (63.64%)

<0.01

552 (26.91%)

<0.01

73 (38.83%)

Prior end-of-life decision documented

6 (6.82%)

<0.01

43 (2.10%)

0.15

7 (3.72%)

Cared for by only one intensivistf

51 (57.95%)

0.36

1288 (62.80%)

<0.01

86 (45.74%)

Elixhauser comorbidity measuresg

 

<0.01 ~ 0.97

 

<0.01 ~ 0.91

 

Insurance type

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

 

Private

41 (46.59%)

 

611 (29.79%)

 

74 (39.36%)

Medicare only

11 (12.50%)

 

257 (12.53%)

 

38 (20.21%)

Medicaid only

14 (15.91%)

 

506 (24.67%)

 

34 (18.09%)

Medicare and Medicaid

17 (19.32%)

 

316 (15.41%)

 

29 (15.43%)

None

5 (5.68%)

 

361 (17.60%)

 

13 (6.91%)

Source of admission to the ICU

 

0.02

 

0.10

 

Emergency department

53 (60.23%)

 

1513 (73.77%)

 

124 (65.96%)

Floorh

31 (35.23%)

 

413 (20.14%)

 

53 (28.19%)

Other ICU

2 (2.27%)

 

49 (2.39%)

 

6 (3.19%)

Outside hospital

1 (1.14%)

 

26 (1.27%)

 

2 (1.06%)

Miscellaneous/others

1 (1.14%)

 

50 (2.44%)

 

3 (1.60%)

Race/ethnicity

 

0.47

 

<0.01

 

White American

60 (68.18%)

 

1277 (62.26%)

 

141 (75%)

African American

23 (26.14%)

 

602 (29.35%)

 

37 (19.68%)

Other

5 (5.68%)

 

172 (8.39%)

 

10 (5.32%)

ICU admission diagnosisi

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

 

Medical-respiratory diseases

37 (42.53%)

 

587 (28.96%)

 

74 (39.36%)

Medical-gastrointestinal diseases

6 (6.9%)

 

321 (15.84%)

 

23 (12.23%)

Medical-cardiovascular diseases

18 (20.69%)

 

347 (17.12%)

 

50 (26.60%)

Medical-neurological diseases

20 (22.99%)

 

334 (16.48%)

 

35 (18.62%)

Other

6 (6.9%)

 

438 (21.61%)

 

6 (3.19%)

Daily cost of ICU stay

7592 ± 7465

0.02

5691 ± 4578

0.16

5302 ± 3546

Daily cost of hospital stay

5966 ± 7374

<0.01

3191 ± 2033

<0.01

3878 ± 3452

Daily discretionary cost of ICU stay

2666 ± 3239

0.03

1878 ± 2416

0.77

1822 ± 2466

  1. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DNR, Do-Not-Resuscitate; DNRCC, Do-Not-Resuscitate Comfort Care; DNRCC-Arrest Do-Not-Resuscitate Comfort Care-Arrest; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICU, medical intensive care unit.
  2. aThe statistical association between two categorical variables was examined using the χ2 test.
  3. bThe statistical association between a categorical variable and a continuous variable was examined using Student's t-test.
  4. cStatistical significance for the comparisons between DNRCC and non-DNR patients.
  5. dStatistical significance for the comparisons between DNRCC-Arrest and non-DNR patients.
  6. e“Admission delay” means that the time between hospital admission and ICU admission was not zero.
  7. f“Cared for by only one intensivist” means that the patient was cared for by only one intensivist during their ICU stay.
  8. gSee Additional file 2: Table S2 for the comparison of Elixhauser comorbidity measures between DNRCC and non-DNR, and between DNRCC-Arrest and non-DNR before propensity score matching.
  9. h“Floor” means that the patient was admitted to other departments before admitting to ICU.
  10. i“ICU admission diagnosis” for non-DNR patients had 24 missing data items.
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BMC Medicine

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